考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.012

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 135-144.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.012

• 综合交通运输体系论坛 • 上一篇下一篇

考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究

王福麟，黄海军^*

北京航空航天大学，经济管理学院，北京100191

收稿日期:2025-06-01 修回日期:2025-08-01 接受日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-10-25
作者简介:王福麟(1995—)，男，山西大同人，博士生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(72288101)。

Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities

WANG Fulin, HUANG Haijun^*

School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2025-06-01 Revised:2025-08-01 Accepted:2025-08-14 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72288101)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对当前充电设施补贴政策存在的局部供需错配与激励不足等问题，本文构建政府-充电设施运营商-消费者三方博弈模型，结合我国典型城市运营数据开展多情景仿真，系统分析建设补贴、运营补贴及其组合策略对电动汽车普及率与社会环境效益的影响机制。研究发现：在快充需求较强的公共区域，宜实施按充电功率的差额建设补贴，激励运营商优化直流/交流桩配置；在快充偏好较弱的住宅区域，适用基于桩数的等额建设补贴，扩大电动汽车用户基数。仿真分析表明，随着绿色化进程推进、消费者快充偏好增强和设施成本下降，公共区域补贴策略需由单一建设补贴向建设-运营组合策略动态调整；当车辆年均环境效益超过16000元·veh^-1时，运营导向型补贴在电动汽车推广方面效果最为显著。随着充电设施行业进入高质量发展阶段，政府应逐步缩减建设补贴规模并强化运营补贴力度，以提升政策效能并实现社会环境效益最大化。

关键词: 交通运输经济, 补贴策略, 博弈论, 充电设施, 电动汽车

Abstract: In order to address the issue of localized supply-demand mismatches and limited incentives in the current subsidy policies for charging infrastructure, this study develops a tripartite dynamic game model involving the government, charging operators and consumers. It utilizes operational data selecting from typical Chinese cities to conduct multi-scenario simulations, with the objective of examining the effects of construction subsidies, operational subsidies, and their combinations on the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the resulting socio-environmental outcomes. The findings indicate that a differentiated construction subsidy model based on charging power can more effectively guide the deployment of DC/AC charging piles in public areas with a high demand for fast charging. In residential areas, uniform per-unit subsidies have been shown to be more effective in encouraging consumer adoption and expanding the EV user base. Simulation analysis reveals that as the industry decarbonizes, preferences for fast-charging intensify and infrastructure costs decline, public-area subsidies are suggested to transition from construction-focused to hybrid approaches. When the annual environmental benefits per vehicle exceed 16000 yuan, the operation- oriented subsidies have been demonstrated to be the most effective strategy for promoting electric vehicle adoption. As the charging infrastructure industry enters a phase of high-quality development, the government should progressively reduce the scale of construction subsidies while enhancing operational subsidies. This strategy would optimize the effectiveness of policy and ensure the maximization of environmental benefits.

Key words: transportation economy, subsidy strategies, game theory, charging infrastructures, electric vehicles

中图分类号:

王福麟, 黄海军. 考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(5): 135-144.

WANG Fulin, HUANG Haijun. Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(5): 135-144.

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考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究

Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities

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