基于灵活编组的城市轨道交通大小交路列车开行方案优化

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.013

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 143-152.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.013

基于灵活编组的城市轨道交通大小交路列车开行方案优化

刘斌^*，赵靳辉，田志强，马超凡，梁辉，李和壁

兰州交通大学，交通运输学院，兰州730070

收稿日期:2025-04-17 修回日期:2025-05-06 接受日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-24
作者简介:刘斌(1976—)，男，甘肃天水人，副教授。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(71761023)；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(24ZYQA044)。

Optimization of Operation Plans for Full-length and Short-turn Routings of Urban Rail Transit Based on Flexible Train Composition

LIU Bin^*, ZHAO Jinhui, TIAN Zhiqiang, MA Chaofan, LIANG Hui, LI Hebi

School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2025-04-17 Revised:2025-05-06 Accepted:2025-05-12 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-24
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71761023)；Foundation of Central Guidance for Local Development on Science and Technology (24ZYQA044)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对城市轨道交通客流分布不均导致的运力冗余或不足问题，本文研究高峰时段灵活编组模式下开行方案的优化，旨在实现运力与需求的精准匹配，有效控制运营成本，提升资源利用效率。以典型不均衡性客流为研究对象，构建以企业运营成本最小化和平均满载率最大化的双目标非线性整数规划模型，综合考虑立席密度限制等约束。设计基于分层序列的三阶段求解算法，以及采用优劣解距离(TOPSIS)策略的择优方案。以某市城轨实际线路为背景设计算例，对所构建模型和算法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明，相较于单一交路固定编组和大小交路固定编组模式，灵活编组模式展现出显著优势。在高峰时段，灵活编组使企业运营成本分别降低25.67%和7.34%，满载率优化幅度达29.55%和26.02%。灵敏度分析显示，允许小交路立席密度适度提高，可进一步降低运营成本，但需权衡乘客舒适度与安全性。当立席密度从7人·m^-2增至9人·m^-2时，灵活编组模式下，成本与满载率反比分别下降15.38%和14.83%，车底运用数减少15.79%。综上所述，基于灵活编组的大小交路开行方案能够有效适应客流时空波动，实现运力动态调配与成本控制的协同优化。

关键词: 城市交通, 开行方案, 多目标优化, 城市轨道交通, 灵活编组

Abstract: To address capacity redundancy or shortages caused by uneven passenger flow distribution in urban rail transit, this study optimizes train operation plan under flexible train composition during peak hours to achieve precise demand-capacity alignment, enhance cost control, and improve resource utilization efficiency. Focusing on asymmetric passenger flow patterns, this study develops a bi-objective nonlinear integer programming model with the goals of minimizing operator costs and maximizing average load factor and the constraints such as standing-passenger density limits. A hierarchical three-stage algorithm and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution are designed for solution prioritization. The model and algorithm are validated through case studies of an operational metro line. Results demonstrate that flexible train composition outperforms fixed-composition strategies (single routing and combined large/small routing). During peak hours, the operating costs decreased by 25.67% compared with the single routing method, and 7.34% compared to the combined large/small routing method. The average load factor improvements are respectively 29.55% and 26.02% compared to the single routing and combined large/small routing. Sensitivity analysis indicates that allowing a moderate increase in standing-passenger density for small routing can further reduce operational costs, though requires a balance between passenger comfort and safety. When the standing-passenger density increases from 7 to 9 persons ⋅ m^-2, the flexible train composition reduces costs by 15.38%, decreases the load factor ratio 14.83%, and lower the required number of train sets by 15.79%. The flexible train composition effectively adapts to spatiotemporal passenger flow fluctuations, and could achieve synergistic optimization of dynamic capacity allocation and cost control.

Key words: urban traffic, train operation plan, multi-objective optimization, urban rail transit, flexible train composition

中图分类号:

U121

刘斌, 赵靳辉, 田志强, 马超凡, 梁辉, 李和壁. 基于灵活编组的城市轨道交通大小交路列车开行方案优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(6): 143-152.

LIU Bin, ZHAO Jinhui, TIAN Zhiqiang, MA Chaofan, LIANG Hui, LI Hebi. Optimization of Operation Plans for Full-length and Short-turn Routings of Urban Rail Transit Based on Flexible Train Composition[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(6): 143-152.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I6/143

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基于灵活编组的城市轨道交通大小交路列车开行方案优化

Optimization of Operation Plans for Full-length and Short-turn Routings of Urban Rail Transit Based on Flexible Train Composition

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