考虑乘客换乘的校园公交线路设计优化

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.020

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 220-228.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.020

考虑乘客换乘的校园公交线路设计优化

赵樱^1a，梁金鹏² ，鲍月^*1b

1. 北京交通大学，a.北京交通大学雄安校区，b.系统科学学院，北京100044； 2. 大连海事大学，交通运输工程学院，辽宁大连116026

收稿日期:2025-08-14 修回日期:2025-09-28 接受日期:2025-10-16 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-24
作者简介:赵樱(1968—)，女，安徽马鞍山人，高级工程师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(72361137002)。

Campus Bus Route Design Considering Passenger Transfers

ZHAO Ying^1a, LIANG Jinpeng², BAO Yue^*1b

1a. Beijing Jiaotong University Xiong'an Campus, 1b. School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China

Received:2025-08-14 Revised:2025-09-28 Accepted:2025-10-16 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-24
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72361137002)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对高校校园规模扩大导致的内部交通问题，本文提出融合乘客换乘行为的校园公交线路设计与发车频率优化模型。构建包含行驶节点和换乘节点的双层网络结构，并设计精确刻画换乘行为的流量平衡约束体系。模型采用混合整数规划方法，以最小化乘客总出行时间和线路运营成本为目标，联合优化线路选择、发车频率配置和乘客路径分配决策。在线路生成阶段，基于出行需求分布特征，提出受限深度优先搜索算法构建备选线路集合。以北京交通大学雄安校区为例的实证研究表明：优化方案通过3条线路实现11个站点的全覆盖，70.8%的出行需求可通过直达完成，其余均可一次换乘满足；75%的出行需求额外时间不超过5min，公交满载率超过70%的路段达到52%以上。研究成果可为校园公交系统的科学规划与高效运营提供理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 城市交通, 校园公交系统, 混合整数规划, 校园公交线路设计, 发车频率设定

Abstract: In response to the growing internal mobility challenges caused by the expansion of university campuses, this paper proposes an optimization model for campus bus route design and departure frequency setting that incorporates the transfer behavior of passengers. By constructing a bi-layer network structure consisting of travel nodes and transfer nodes, the formulation of flow balance constraints that accurately capture transfer dynamics is designed. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer programming problem, aiming to minimize the travel time of total passengers and the operation costs of buses. It also optimize the decisions of route selection, frequency setting, and passenger path allocation jointly. In the route generation stage, a constrained depth-first search algorithm is proposed to construct a set of candidate routes based on the spatial distribution of travel demand. A case study based on the Xiong'an campus of Beijing Jiaotong University demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach: three optimized routes achieve full coverage of 11 stations, with 70.8% of travel demands satisfied via direct service and the remainder completed with only one transfer. Additionally, 75% of trips incur less than 5 minutes of additional travel time, and over 52% of route segments operate with a load factor above 70%. The results provide both theoretical support and practical guidance for the scientific planning and efficient operation of the campus bus systems.

Key words: urban traffic, campus bus system, mixed-integer programming, campus bus route design, departure frequency setting

中图分类号:

U491

赵樱, 梁金鹏, 鲍月. 考虑乘客换乘的校园公交线路设计优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(6): 220-228.

ZHAO Ying, LIANG Jinpeng, BAO Yue. Campus Bus Route Design Considering Passenger Transfers[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(6): 220-228.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.020

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I6/220

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考虑乘客换乘的校园公交线路设计优化

Campus Bus Route Design Considering Passenger Transfers

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