交通运输系统工程与信息

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 256-267.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.02.024

• 系统工程理论与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

不等宽车道环境下车辆并行轨迹安全性分析

韩宝睿，范佳祺，纪宇轩，王方旭，赵顗，朱震军*   

  1. 南京林业大学，汽车与交通工程学院，南京210037
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24 修回日期:2026-01-14 接受日期:2026-02-05 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-20
  • 作者简介:韩宝睿（1973—），男，山东安丘人，副教授，博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金 (62303228)。

Safety Analysis of Parallel Vehicle Trajectories in Unequal Width Lane Environments

HAN Baorui, FAN Jiaqi, JI Yuxuan, WANG Fangxu, ZHAO Yi, ZHU Zhenjun*   

  1. College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
  • Received:2025-12-24 Revised:2026-01-14 Accepted:2026-02-05 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-04-20
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (62303228)。

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摘要： 为明晰不等宽车道组合环境下车辆并行驾驶安全性，并探索其横断面优化设计，本文设计不同宽度组合（3.50、3.25、3.00 m内车道）的模拟驾驶试验，提出一种基于信号波形分析的驾驶安全性评价框架，将采集的车辆横向摆动轨迹与驾驶人心率数据视为非平稳信号，运用小波多级分解、希尔伯特包络谱及正交匹配追踪（OMP）方法，从频域特性和信号构成角度，定量揭示不同侧向压力下的车辆运动特征与驾驶人风险感知规律。研究结果表明：随着车道宽度缩窄，测试车与小型车并行时，测试车横向摆动波形出现频率降低、幅值减小的变化趋势，驾驶稳定性提升；与大型车并行时，测试车摆动频谱向着多频率、低功率的趋势变化，驾驶紧张感增强；驾驶人心率变化相较于驾驶场景（尤其是与大型车并行）存在显著的“滞后效应”，表明仅依赖生理信号评估瞬时风险存在局限；将轨迹波形分解出5级不同频率波形，发现d3波形与驾驶人心理紧张程度之间具有较为显著的相关性，可作为驾驶特征频谱。本文为车辆驾驶安全远程监控提供了新的思路和视角。

关键词: 公路运输, 驾驶行为, 小波分解, 不等宽车道, 并行轨迹

Abstract: To clarify the safety characteristics of parallel driving under unequal lane-width combinations, and explore their implications for cross-sectional design optimization, this study conducted a series of driving simulation experiments with different lane-width configurations, in which the widths of inner lanes were set to 3.50, 3.25, and 3.00 meters, respectively. A signal waveform-based framework for driving safety evaluation was proposed, in which the lateral oscillation trajectories of vehicle and the heart rate data of drivers were treated as non-stationary signals. By applying multilevel wavelet decomposition, Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis, and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), the vehicle motion characteristics and the risk perception patterns of drivers under varying levels of lateral pressure were quantitatively revealed from both frequency-domain features and signal composition perspectives. The results indicate that: (1) as the lane width decreases, when driving in parallel with passenger cars, the test vehicle exhibits a trend of reduced oscillation frequency and decreased oscillation amplitude, accompanied by improved driving stability; when driving in parallel with large vehicles, the oscillation spectrum of the test vehicle shifts toward multi-frequency and low-power characteristics, reflecting increased driving tension; (2) the heart rate responses of drivers show a significant "lag effect" relative to driving scenarios, particularly in the interactions with large vehicles, suggesting that the reliance on physiological signals alone has limitations in assessing instantaneous risk; and (3) by decomposing the trajectory signal into five frequency bands, the d3 component shows a relatively significant association with the psychological tension level of drivers, which indicates its potential as the driving characteristic spectrum. This study offers a new perspective for the remote monitoring of driving safety.

Key words: highway transportation, driving behavior, wavelet decomposition, unequal width lane, parallel trajectory

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