关键词: 交通工程, 车道配置动态优化, 混合整数线性规划, 大流量收费站, 车道宽度, 可移动式收费岛

Abstract: To alleviate traffic congestion at high-volume toll plazas under land-use constraints, this study proposes a lane width and function optimization method based on movable toll islands. Considering the minimum safe lane width required by different vehicle types and the spatial requirements for tolling equipment deployment, the configuration of toll islands (including number, type, position, and sequence) and toll lanes (including width, functional allocation, travel direction, and tolling mode) is dynamically adjusted. A mixed-integer linear programming model with the objective of maximizing capacity is established and efficiently solved using the CPLEX solver. The results indicate that under complex traffic scenarios characterized by tidal flows, stochastic fluctuations in demand, and frequent changes in traffic composition, the proposed flexible lane design significantly outperforms the traditional lane function switching scheme, increasing capacity by approximately 20% ~80% . As the width of small-vehicle-exclusive lanes increases from 2.6 to 3.0 meters, the capacity improvement gradually decreases. With higher proportions of small vehicles and electronic toll collection (ETC) traffic, more narrow toll islands and dedicated lanes can be configured, providing greater flexibility for optimization. In addition, the optimization of lane width and functions can accommodate oversized special transport vehicles. The findings provide technical support for refined operational management and smart capacity expansion of high-volume toll plazas.

Key words: traffic engineering, dynamic lane configuration optimization, mixed integer linear programming, high-volume toll station, lane width, mobile toll island