考虑异质出行者的随机瓶颈模型

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2014, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 93-98.

考虑异质出行者的随机瓶颈模型

肖玲玲¹，黄海军^*1，田丽君²

1. 北京航空航天大学经济管理学院，北京100191；2. 福州大学管理学院，福州350108

收稿日期:2013-07-22 修回日期:2013-09-25 出版日期:2014-08-25 发布日期:2014-09-16
作者简介:肖玲玲（1984-），女，湖南邵阳人，博士生.
基金资助:
国家“973”计划（2012CB725401）；北京航空航天大学博士生创新基金（302976）.

Stochastic Bottleneck Model with Heterogeneous Travelers

XIAO Ling-ling¹, HUANG Hai-jun¹, TIAN Li-jun²

1. School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; 2. School of Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

Received:2013-07-22 Revised:2013-09-25 Online:2014-08-25 Published:2014-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究早高峰期内通勤者由生活区开车通过高速公路到达工作区的交通行为.假设出行者是异质的，其时间价值（VOT）按照递增的顺序排列,并假设高速公路上瓶颈的通行能力在某一区间内随机变化，基于经典瓶颈模型对出行者的均衡出发时间选择行为进行解析求解，给出了模型的均衡性质和个人出行总成本.结果显示，随着瓶颈通行能力随机性的增大，出行者的期望等价出行时间和高峰期长度增加.当瓶颈通行能力的随机性降低时，个体均衡出行成本下降，时间价值越大的出行者，其成本降低的收益越大.算例结果验证了理论分析结论.

关键词: 公路运输, 出行选择行为, 瓶颈模型, 随机通行能力, 异质性

Abstract:

This paper studies commuters’departure time choice behavior along a bottleneck constrained highway connecting a resident area and a workplace. Commuters are differentiated by their value of time, and the bottleneck capacity is assumed to follow a uniform distribution within a range. The equilibrium properties of the proposed model are derived and individual travel cost is obtained. It is found that at equilibrium, the increase of capacity variability would change the commuters’travel behavior by increasing the expected equivalent travel time and lengthening the peak period. Every commuter is better off by reducing the individual travel cost if the stochasticity of the capacity decrease, and commuters with high value of time benefit more than those with low values. Numerical results are presented to support analytic findings.

Key words: highway transportation, travel behavior, bottleneck model, stochastic capacity, heterogeneity

中图分类号:

U121

肖玲玲，黄海军，田丽君. 考虑异质出行者的随机瓶颈模型[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2014, 14(4): 93-98.

XIAO Ling-ling, HUANG Hai-jun, TIAN Li-jun. Stochastic Bottleneck Model with Heterogeneous Travelers[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014, 14(4): 93-98.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/abstract/abstract18822.shtml

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2014/V14/I4/93

参考文献

[1] Vickrey W S. Congestion theory and transport invest? ment [J]. American Economic Review，1969, 34: 414- 431.

[2] Arnott R, de Palma A, Lindsey R. The welfare effects of congestion tolls with heterogeneous commuters [J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 1994, 28(2):139-161.
[3] Cohen Y. Commuter welfare under peak-period congestion tolls: who gains and who loses? [J]. International Journal of Transport Economics, 1987, 14(3): 293-226.
[4] 田丽君，陈捷娜，许岩，等. 均匀行驶信用计划管理瓶颈拥挤和方式划分[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息，2012，12(6)：127-131. [TIAN L J, CHEN J L, XU Y,et al. Uniform travel credit scheme for managing bottleneck congestion and model split [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2012, 12(6): 127-131]
[5] Mahmassani H, Herman R. Dynamic user equilibrium departure time and route choice on idealized traffic arterials [J]. Transportation Science, 1984, 18: 362-384.
[6] Kuwahara M. Equilibrium queuing patterns at a two-tandem bottleneck during the morning peak [J]. Transporta?tion Science, 1990, 24(3): 217-229.
[7] Tabuchi T. Bottleneck congestion and modal split [J].Journal of Urban Economics, 1993, 26: 320-327.
[8] Huang H J. Fares and tolls in a competitive system with transit and highway: the case with two groups of commuters [J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2000, 36(4):267-284.
[9] Huang H J. Pricing and logit-based mode choice models of a transit and highway system with elastic demand [J].European Journal of Operation Research, 2002, 140:562-570.
[10] Arnott R, de Palma A, Lindsey R. Information and time-of- usage decisions in the bottleneck model with stochastic capacity and demand [J]. European Economic Review. 1999, 43(3): 525-548.
[11] Fosgerau M. One the relation between the mean and variance of delay in dynamic queues with random capacity and demand [J]. Economic Dynamics and Control. 2010,34(4): 598-603.
[12] Dafermos S C. The traffic assignment problem for multiclass-user transportation networks [R]. Cornell University，Department of Operations Research, 1971.
[13] Smith M. The marginal cost taxation of a transportation network [J]. Transportation Research Part B, 1979, 13:237-242.

[14] Yang H，Huang H J. Mathematical and economic theory of road pricing [M]. Elsevier Press, 2005.
[15] Nagurney A. Network economics：A variational inequality approach [M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
[16] De Palma A, Lindsey R. Congestion pricing with heterogeneous travelers: A general equilibrium welfare analysis [J]. Networks and Spatial Economics, 2004, 4: 135-160.
[17] De Palma A, Lindsey R. Comparison of morning and evening commuters in the Vickrey bottleneck model [J].Transportation Research Record, 2002, 1807: 26-33.