交通运输系统工程与信息

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 1-6.

• 综合交通运输体系论坛 •    下一篇

交通拥挤负外部成本量化模型及应用研究

邵源1, 2，林培群*1，郑健2，张小宁3   

  1. 1. 华南理工大学，土木与交通学院，广州 510640；2. 深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心，深圳市交通信息与交通工程重点实验室，广东 深圳 518000；3. 同济大学，经济与管理学院，上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-22 修回日期:2021-01-24 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-25
  • 作者简介:邵源(1982- )，男，江苏扬州人，教授级高级工程师，博士生。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金/National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1811463，52072130)；广东省自然科学基金/ Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China(2020A1515010349).

Calculation Model and Application of Negative External Cost of Traffic Congestion

SHAO Yuan1, 2 , LIN Pei-qun*1 , ZHENG Jian2 , ZHANG Xiao-ning3   

  1. 1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Traffic Information and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China; 3. School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2020-12-22 Revised:2021-01-24 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-25

PDF

摘要：

交通拥挤负外部成本游离于经济杠杆调控政策的价格体系之外，未能在市场价格中体现是导致交通资源配置失衡的关键。为科学量化交通拥挤负外部成本，支撑经济杠杆需求调控政策实现外部成本内部化，从交通拥挤造成的时间延误、交通事故、环境污染这3个维度解析交通拥挤负面经济成本，构建小汽车交通拥挤负外部成本量化数学模型。以深圳市为例，计算典型城市交通拥挤负外部成本。研究表明：深圳市每辆小汽车全年出行平均产生的交通拥挤负外部成本高达24460元，行驶约产生2.1元·km-1 的交通拥挤负外部成本，且当前交通需求调控政策未能实现小汽车外部成本内部化是导致小汽车竞争力强劲的关键因素。按照“用者自付”原则，经济杠杆调控政策收费费率应覆盖小汽车交通拥挤负外部成本，建议参照每辆小汽车2.1元·km-1 设定。

关键词: 城市交通, 负外部成本, 量化模型, 拥挤, 需求管理政策

Abstract:

It appears that the negative external cost of traffic congestion has not been considered in the price system of economic leverage control policies, which causes an imbalance in the allocation of traffic resources. To scientifically quantify the negative external cost of traffic congestion, this study analyzes the negative economic cost of traffic congestion in terms of time delay, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, and proposes a car quantitative mathematical model to reflect the negative external cost of traffic congestion. Taking Shenzhen city as an example, the paper calculates the typical negative external cost of traffic congestion in a city. The result shows that the average negative external cost of traffic congestion generated by each car in Shenzhen throughout the year is as high as 24460 CNY, and the negative external cost of traffic congestion is about 2.1 CNY per kilometer of each car. In accordance with the "user pays" principle, the economic leverage control policy charging rate should cover the negative external cost of car traffic congestion, and it is recommended to refer to a charge of 2.1 CNY per kilometer per car.

Key words: urban traffic, negative external cost, calculation model, traffic congestion, traffic demand management policy

中图分类号: