关键词: 城市交通, 预约出行, 供需匹配, 组织管理, 模式变革

Abstract: In the urban transportation system, uneven distribution of supply and demand has caused many congestions before bottlenecks. Although everyone will ultimately pass the bottleneck, the congestion and queuing still generate additional waiting time. Ideally, if every traveler arrives at the bottleneck at the actual passing time, the waiting time in the queue can be transformed into the waiting time at home. The value of those two types of waiting time is significantly different in the generalized travel cost function. In a traditional transportation system, due to the lack of proper information guidance, travelers can only rely on queuing on the road to obtain the opportunity to pass the bottleneck at a certain time point. With the development of emerging technologies such as instant messaging and artificial intelligence, the technical methods can be used to arrange orders of passing bottlenecks for travelers in advance and inform travelers the estimated passing time. Travelers can immediately pass the bottlenecks instead of wait in the queue at the estimated time. Based on this, this article proposes a traffic organization mode of“reserved transportation”, that is, using innovative technologies and the notion of reservation to guide travelers to arrive at the time they can pass the bottlenecks. This mode transforms the queues at the roadway bottlenecks into virtual online queues. This research believes that the reserved transportation mode can alleviate the time- space dis-match between supply and demand to a certain extent, reduce queuing on the road under limited resource conditions, and improve the organization and management of future urban transportation system.

Key words: urban traffic, reserved transportation, supply-demand matching, organization mode, mode change