适老化定制公交线路服务优化研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.024

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 271-279.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.024

适老化定制公交线路服务优化研究

唐春艳^*1，代馨怡¹，张积昱²

1. 大连海事大学，交通运输工程学院，辽宁大连116026；2.长安大学，运输工程学院，西安710064

收稿日期:2025-06-24 修回日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-10-25
作者简介:唐春艳(1984—)，女，广西桂林人，副教授。
基金资助:
辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目(L22AGL005)。

Optimization of Age-Friendly Customized Bus Route Services

TANG Chunyan^*1, DAI Xinyi¹, ZHANG Jiyu²

1. College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China; 2. College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China

Received:2025-06-24 Revised:2025-08-18 Accepted:2025-08-25 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-25
Supported by:
Humanities and Social Science Major Project of Liaoning(L22AGL005)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着老龄化进程加速，老年群体面临的交通设施不适应和出行困难问题日益突出。作为一种需求导向型公共交通服务模式，定制公交凭借其灵活的服务特性，为老年群体提供了新的适老化出行解决方案。然而，现有定制公交服务模式多以通勤者为主要设计对象，缺乏对老年人多样化出行需求的社会公平性保障。因此，本文针对老年群体的出行需求特点，提出一种适老化定制公交服务模式。在该模式中，为提升老年乘客的乘车体验和无障碍服务效能，考虑了差异化的上下车时间策略；同时，为确保不同类型乘客能够获得更为合适的座位资源和更好的乘坐舒适度，提出动态异构座椅配置策略。在此基础上，本文构建以最小化运营商车辆运营成本和乘客出行成本为目标的适老化定制公交线路服务优化模型，设计遗传算法进行求解，同时优化了服务线路路径与乘客-车辆分配方案。最后，本文以北京市丰台区的出行数据为实例进行验证分析。结果表明，与传统的固定异构座位配置模式相比，本文提出的动态异构座椅配置服务模式能够显著降低系统总成本，同时有效减少老年乘客的平均出行时间。对于时间感知效用较高的老年乘客而言，这一服务模式将显著提升其乘车体验和舒适度。

关键词: 城市交通, 适老化服务模式, 动态异构座椅配置, 老年人出行, 定制公交

Abstract: With the acceleration of population aging, the elderly are increasingly facing problems such as transportation facilities that do not meet their needs and difficulties in traveling. Customized buses, as a demand-driven public transportation service mode, provide a new solution for age-friendly travel. However, existing customized bus service modes are primarily designed for commuters and cannot adequately address the diverse travel needs of the elderly in terms of social equity. This paper proposes an age-friendly customized bus service mode tailored to the travel needs of the elderly. To enhance the elderly passengers' experience and improve the effectiveness of barrier-free services, the proposed bus service mode incorporates a differentiated boarding and alighting time strategy. Additionally, a dynamic heterogeneous seating configuration strategy is introduced to ensure that different types of passengers are allocated more appropriate seating resources and achieve greater comfort. An optimization model for age friendly customized bus routes is developed, with the goal of minimizing both the vehicle operating costs and the passengers' travel costs. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve this optimization problem and determine the routing plan and vehicle-passenger assignment scheme. The proposed method is validated and analyzed using a large-scale case study from Fengtai District, Beijing. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional fixed heterogeneous seating configurations, the proposed service mode of dynamic heterogeneous seating configuration significantly reduces the total system cost while effectively shortening the average travel time for elderly passengers. This would help to improve the travel experience of elderly passengers, especially those who need time efficiency in their travel.

Key words: urban traffic, age-friendly service mode, dynamic heterogeneous seating configuration, elderly travel, customized bus

中图分类号:

U491

唐春艳, 代馨怡, 张积昱. 适老化定制公交线路服务优化研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(5): 271-279.

TANG Chunyan, DAI Xinyi, ZHANG Jiyu. Optimization of Age-Friendly Customized Bus Route Services[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(5): 271-279.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I5/271

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适老化定制公交线路服务优化研究

Optimization of Age-Friendly Customized Bus Route Services

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