Effects of Driver’s Reaction Time on Safe Driving

Abstract

Abstract:

In highway traffic, drink driving, fatigue driving and improper driving directly lead to the drivers’slow reaction and easily cause major accidents. Effects of driver’s reaction time on safe driving are studied. Firstly, On the basis of NaSch model, a cellular automaton model that can simulate effects of driver’s reaction time on safe driving is proposed. Secondly, the curve between reaction time and traffic safety is obtained from numerical simulation. Results show that the driver’s reaction time is one of the most important factors affecting the traffic safety. Finally, a strategy of risk reduction is put forward. It is an important measure for safe driving to eradicate drink driving, fatigue driving and improper driving.

Key words: highway transportation, reaction time, cellular automata, traffic safety hidden danger, conditions for safe driving

摘要：

公路交通中的酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶或其他不良驾驶行为会直接导致驾驶员的反应迟钝，极易酿成重大的交通事故.本文着重研究了驾驶员反应时间对行车安全的影响. 首先，基于NaSch模型提出了一种能模拟驾驶员驾驶行为对行车安全影响的元胞自动机模型.其次，通过数值模拟给出了反应时间对交通安全影响的曲线.研究发现驾驶员的反应时间是影响行车安全最重要的因素之一.最后，本文试图提出一种降低风险的策略.研究结论是：杜绝酒后驾驶、疲劳驾驶等不良驾驶行为是保证行车安全的重要措施.

关键词: 公路运输, 反应时间, 元胞自动机, 交通安全隐患, 安全行车条件

CLC Number:

U421.14

LV Ji-er, ZHU Liu-hua, ZHENG Rong-sen, WEI Yan-fang. Effects of Driver’s Reaction Time on Safe Driving[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014, 14(2): 80-86.

吕集尔*，朱留华，郑容森，韦艳芳. 驾驶员反应时间对行车安全的影响[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2014, 14(2): 80-86.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/abstract/abstract18751.shtml

http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/Y2014/V14/I2/80

References

[1] 贾斌, 李新刚, 姜锐, 等. 公交车站对交通流影响模拟分析[J]. 物理学报, 2009, 58(10):6845-6851.[JIA B, LI X G, JIANG R, et al. The influence of bus stop on the dynamics of traffic flow [J]. Acta Phys. Sin.,2009, 58 (10):6845-6851. ]

[2] 钱勇生, 曾俊伟, 杜加伟, 等. 考虑意外事件对交通流影响的元胞自动机交通流模型[J].物理学报, 2011，60(6):060505. [QIANG Y S, ZENG J W, DU J W, et al.Cellular automaton traffic flow model considering influence of accidents [J]. Acta Phys. Sin., 2011, 60(6):060505.]
[3] 梁玉娟, 薛郁. 道路弯道对交通流影响的研究[J].物理学报, 2010, 59(08):5325-5331.[LIANG Y J, XUE Y.Study on traffic flow affected by the road turning [J]. Acta Phys. Sin.,2010,59(08):5325-5331.]
[4] 杨凌霄, 赵小梅, 高自友, 等. 考虑交通出行惯例的双向行人流模型研究[J].物理学报, 2011, 60(10):100501.[YANG L X, ZHAO X M, GAO Z Y, et al. Bi-directional pedestrian flow model with traffic convention [J]. Acta Phys. Sin.,2011,60(10):100501.]
[5] 付印平, 高自友, 李克平.固定闭塞系统下列车运行限速区段交通流特性分析[J].物理学报, 2007, 56(09):5165-5171.[FU Y P, GAO Z Y, LI K P. The characteristic analysis of the traffic flow of trains in speed-limited section for fixed- block system [J]. Acta Phys. Sin.,2007,56(09):5165-5171.]
[6] 永贵, 黄海军, 许岩. 菱形网格的行人疏散元胞自动机模型[J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62(1):010506.[YONG G,HUANG H J, XU Y. A cellular automata model of pedestrian evacuation in rooms with squared rhombus cells[J]. Acta Phys. Sin.,2013,62(1):010506.]
[7] Boccara N, Fuks H, Zeng Q. Car accidents and number of stopped cars due to road blockage on a one-lane highway [J]. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General,1997,30(10),3329-3332.
[8] Huang D W, Tseng W C. Mean-field theory for car accidents [J]. Phys. Rev. E,2001,64(5),057106.
[9] Moussa N. Dangerous situations in two-lane traffic flow models [J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C,2005,16(07):1133-1148.
[10] Jiang R, Wu Q S. Dangerous situations in a synchronized flow model [J]. Physica A,2007,377:633–640.
[11] Mhirech A, Ez-Zahraouy H, Ismaili A A. Effect of damaged vehicle evacuation on traffic flow with open boundaries [J]. Phys. Rev. E,2010,81(1),011132.
[12] Caliendo C, Guglielmo M L D, Guida M. A crash-prediction model for road tunnels [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention,2013,55:107-115.
[13] Nagel K, Schreckenberg M. A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic [J]. J Phys I,1992,2:2221-2229.
[14] Li X B, Wu Q S, Jiang R. Cellular automaton model considering the velocity effect of a car on the successive car [J]. Phys. Rev. E,2001,64:066128.
[15] Moussa N. Car accidents in cellular automata models for one-lane traffic flow [J]. Phys. Rev. E,2003,68:036127.
[16] Wagner P. Traffic and granular flow [M]. Singapore:World Scientific,1996.