Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

Foundation of Theory and Platform for Integrated Transport

ZHANG Guo-wu

2008, 8(5): 1-9 .

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With the establishment of the Integrated Transport Research Center of China, this study, focusing on the foundation of theory and platform for integrated transport, explains the synthetically developing trend of the transport in an incorporate manner. Moreover, the relationship between transport and other aspects, e.g., economy, energy sources, environment, and innovation of science and technology, is also discussed. As a result, it is claimed that not only the integration of various transport techniques but also the integrated transport administrative management are both indispensable. Furthermore, the illuminative effects of the system science theories on the intelligent transport system research are analyzed with the correlative factors in the integrated transport system studied. In addition, the application of the comprehensive system theories in the field of integrated transport research in the future and the significance of the platform foundation for the integrated transport system are respectively explored and demonstrated in consideration of the cooperation of various transport modes, i.e., railway, waterage, highway, aviation and pipeline, the harmonious transfers among different travel modes inside transport hub, and the operation of diversified urban passenger transport modes synthetically.

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On Metropolitan Life Consumption Logistics

SHEN Jin-sheng

2008, 8(5): 10-14 .

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In recent years, with enlargement of city size and increase of city population, total amount and scale of life consumption are expanding constantly while stable and continuous supply of consumption goods has relations to residents′daily life, city normal operation and social stabilization. So it is significant to develop metropolitan life consumption logistics. Based on research on the meaning, characteristics and importance of metropolitan life consumption logistics, it is studied the metropolitan life consumption logistics from the viewpoint of system that its structure is constructed from infrastructure platform, policy platform and information platform and that its operation process is consisted of external circulation, internal circulation and terminal distribution. At last it is put forward some suggestions to promote life consumption logistics in this paper.

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Relationship of Transportation and City Growth

XU Dong-yun,ZHANG Lei,LIU Zi-yu

2008, 8(5): 15-20 .

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This paper makes a summary of city, urbanization, and city growth as well as emphasizes the relationship of transportation and City Growth. It expatiates from four aspects: namely, emphasis on the important role of transport by location theory, mutual influence between traffic mode and city growth, mutual influence between transport network and urban system, the impact on transport at different phases of urbanization. The awareness of urban traffic in different periods is different, and the status of traffic transforms gradually from the passive to the active. With the development of urbanization, transport walks up to chaos from infantility and tends to become mature and perfect in the end. Transport which is becoming up-and-up will also increase city’s attractiveness and promote urban development. Therefore, it is necessary to look for the answer to resolve urban traffic problems from the good growth of city and rational spatial expansion.

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Analysis on the Stability of Cooperative Strategy between Express Company and Specialized Transportation Enterprise

KUANG Xu-juan,RONG Chao-he

2008, 8(5): 21-25 .

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In the process of transportation, express companies must use one or diversified express transportation modes which are important traffic capacity resource need be input. However, as a matter of fact, there are no express companies, which can completely internalize all the traffic capacity resources. That is to say, it is necessary for express companies to cooperate with specialized transportation enterprises with varied traffic capacity resources. Since abundant uncertainty exists in realistic social economic system and decision-making bodies are with bounded ration, there is no one and only rule or institutional arrangement for the transaction relationship between express companies and specialized transportation enterprise. This paper has used evolutionary game model to analyze the evolutionary process of interactive game between express companies and specialized transportation enterprise. After dynamic studying on the process in which the parties (numerous express companies and specialized transportation enterprises) carry out strategic choice and adjustment, we can get the dynamic evolutionary stable strategy for express companies and specialized transportation enterprise based on evolutionary game model, and find out the stable equilibrium point. In the end, we can know that cooperation game between express companies and specialized transportation enterprise would evolve in two dimensions: one is stock cooperation strategy and the other is contract cooperation strategy. Both are evolutionary stable strategy, which can be verified by the strategy choices of enterprises in our realistic economy.

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HMI—Prewarning Index of Traffic Jam Formation on Urban Freeway

GUAN Wei,HE Shu-yan,MA Ji-hui

2008, 8(5): 26-31 .

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In this paper, referring to the concepts of qualitative reasoning, the concepts, such as homogeneous measure index (HMI), are utilized to calculate the cross-lane synchronized degree of the traffic flow. The actual data of Beijing Third Ring Road are presented to describe the procedure of formation of traffic jam, and the concepts proposed in this paper are used to clearly illustrate such procedure. From the empirical data of traffic flow, we find out that for a multi-lane road, before the formation of traffic jam ,the HMI of the traffic flow will change abruptly and the state transition from homogeneous (H-S) to non-homogeneous state (N-S) is likely occur. Therefore, the HMI can be considered as a prewarning index of the formation of traffic jam.

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Short-term Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on a Hybrid Neural Network Model and SARIMA Model

SUN Xiang-hai,LIU Tan-qiu

2008, 8(5): 32-37 .

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This paper proposes a hybrid model, which combines the seasonal time series autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models in order to forecast accurately urban short-term traffic flow. For comparison, the two component models, namely the SARIMA model and GRNN model, are used to forecast the short-term traffic flow. An empirical study shows the hybrid models have better forecast performance than the SARIMA model, but does not necessarily better than the GRNN mode. However, choosing proper input variables and output variables in the GRNN component of a hybrid plays an important role in improving the forecast ability of the model. The hybrid model constructed in this paper not only provides the best forecast performance but also has simple structure suitable for providing real-time and short-term traffic flow forecast.

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Three-dimensional Urban Traffic Information Integration Model for Data-mining

WANG Zhen-hua,HOU Zhong-sheng,XU Hui,SUN Guo-ping

2008, 8(5): 38-43 .

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Through the standardized development, there are plenty of mature enterprise information integration (EII) models but we still lack standardized and mature urban traffic information integration (UTII) models. Thus, a new urban information integration model (3D-UTII) was put forward and then presented from such three perspectives as process reengineering (PR), data interchange (DI) and data-mining (DM). These three dimensions can be interpret as: depth-dimension information integration (DDII) based on PR intra-system, Extensive-dimension Information Integration based on heterogeneous data (HD) techniques inter-system, and analytical-dimension information integration (ADII) based on DM techniques. The implementation framework and specific techniques of these three dimensions are also presented in the paper. Finally, the information integration solution of the public transportation emergency disposal system during Beijing Olympic Games is supplied as an example to show the availability of the model.

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Application of Discrete Choice Model in Traffic Mode Structure Forecasting

ZHANG Hao-ran,REN Gang,WANG Wei

2008, 8(5): 44-49 .

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To build the relational model between fundamental characteristics of travelers and trip mode choice, effective measures that impact and guide urban trip mode structure have been studied. Besides, the discrete choice model has been used to build the functional relationship between trip mode choice and personal characteristics, family characteristics and travel characteristics of travelers. Personal characteristics, family characteristics and travel characteristics from statistics data of urban residents have also been obtained. What’s more, the discrete choice model has been used to deduce the trip mode structure. There are stable relations between trip mode split and personal characteristics, family characteristics and trip characteristics, which change little with the change of time. The trip model split deduced by the discrete choice model is relatively accurate, which is used to forecast whether the trip mode structure is feasible. The model built can also be used to study the key factors that influence traffic model choice. The discrete choice model can be used to restructure and optimize the urban trip mode structure. Through the guidance and adjustment of controllable factors, the purpose of optimizing urban trip mode structure can be achieved.

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Exploring Sustainable Urban Forms for Developing City Based on New Integrated Model

FENG Xue-song,FUJIWARA Akimasa,ZHANG Jun-yi

2008, 8(5): 50-60 .

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To properly reflect the interdependency mechanisms between travel behavior, transport networks, and distributions of population, employments, and so on, this study attempts to first establish a new feedback travel demand model and then improve it into an integrated model. With different models estimated based on the same comparatively inadequate and poor quality trip survey data for a developing city, it is confirmed that compared with the sequentially estimated conventional four-step model, the estimation accuracies of both of the proposed models have been steadily improved. For this study, Jabodetabek of Indonesia, one of the representative developing mega-cities, has been selected as the study area. According to the estimation results of the proposed integrated model, some urban and transport development policies are evaluated from the perspective of realizing an environmentally sustainable city. It is found that as the households increase are controlled, new roads were constructed and public transport systems improved, and polycenter development will be a sustainable urban form for the growth of Jabodetabek in the future.

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Scheduling Combination and Headway Optimization of Bus Rapid Transit

SUN Chuan-jiao,ZHOU Wei,WANG Yuan-qing

2008, 8(5): 61-67 .

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The flexibility in Bus Rapid Transit scheduling and operation is the great difference with ordinary buses. In order to improve the quality of BRT operation, the headway and scheduling combination form of Bus Rapid Transit vehicles was studied. Models based on minimizing passengers’ travel costs and transit vehicles’ travel time cost models were established. In addition, three different schedules from normal, zone and express schedules were adopted. Constraints including passenger volume, time and frequency were considered. The genetic algorithm of variable-length coding was used to solve the model and the numerical case was given. The result indicates that the optimization results can educe 69.92% cost mostly, which shows that the method is scientific and feasible.

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Short-Time Traffic Flow Prediction Using Chaos Time Series Theory

XUE Jie-ni,SHI Zhong-ke

2008, 8(5): 68-72 .

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Traffic flow prediction has become a key issue in intelligent transportation system study. In this paper, a prediction model of short-time traffic flow is presented based on the chaotic time series analysis. After the phase space reconstruction using traffic flow data, a two-step optimized selection method is proposed which considers Euclidean distance and equal coefficient between neighboring point and predicted point. In addition, the prediction model is developed by local polynomial method to approximate the neighboring points. The model proposed in this paper is applied to predict the real traffic flow in Dongjiang Road, Dong Guan. Comparing the traffic flow predicting value with the measure value, the results indicate that the maximal relative error is 0.445% and the minimal one is 0.038%. Moreover, single-step ahead prediction only requires 38.52 seconds. It is proved that the proposed method can significantly improve the prediction accuracy and meet the requirement of the real-time prediction.

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Signal Control Optimization for Crosswalk on Road Section

FENG Shu-min

2008, 8(5): 73-76 .

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To study deeply the signal control of the crosswalk on road section, and search the optimal timing plan, so as to optimize the signal setting and to improve traffic operating efficiency, this paper analyzes the characteristics of pedestrians and vehicles on signal control section, divides signal cycle into 6 periods, and describes the motion state of different periods. It considers maximal signal cycle limitation for pedestrian crossing, and then establishes a timing optimization model which is to get the minimally weighted sum of the pedestrians’ and vehicles’ delay. It analyzes the relationship between variables, and verifies the calculation flow of signal timing optimization through an example. The example shows that the research results are effective for the signal control optimal timing for crosswalk on road section

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Network Design Problem Based on Equity and Priority

ZHANG Guo-qiang, LU Jian, XIANG Qiao-jun

2008, 8(5): 77-82 .

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Network design problem generally takes minimization of the total travel cost of a system as the one and only object of optimization and its best solution usually cannot meet the practical demands of traffic engineering. This paper has analyzed equity and priority, widely existing in the engineering practice of road traffic planning, set up a mathematical model for network design problem, taking equity and priority into consideration, with the classical mathematical model for network design problem as the basis and designed the genetic algorithm for the solution of the model according to its characteristics. At last, with the analysis of a test network as an example, the paper explains the concrete application of the model and the algorithm. The example shows that the model and algorithm put forward by the paper are efficient and they can provide abundant information for traffic planning and help policy makers to make a wise choice.

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Pattern-Based Study on Urban Transportation System State and Properties with Fuzzy Reasoning Methods

LI Zhi-heng,SUN Dong, JIN Xue-xiang, YU Di, ZHANG Zuo

2008, 8(5): 83-87 .

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In this paper, we propose a novel pattern-based method to model the classification and transition properties of traffic flow. First, fuzzy set classification method is utilized to divide the traffic states, where the states are partitioned into a number of patterns. Then, fuzzy qualitative reasoning is applied to analyze the transitions between the states. Based on the probability of transition, stability of the traffic states is further investigated. Finally, a case study on urban transportation system is performed to demonstrate the usage of the proposed approach.

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Urban Road Grade Proportion Based on Trip Mode

HE Juan,DENG Wei, HU Qi-zhou,LIU Zhi-ming

2008, 8(5): 88-93 .

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Urban road grade proportion, the length ratio of different grade roads, is related to road function, and the urban road function is guaranteed by the reasonable road grade. In this paper, we discusses urban road grade configuration in respect of trip mode, and we also proposes a new method to determine road grade levels based on the probability of trip time consumption according to equilibrium mechanism. To predict the reasonable urban road grade, we adopt two approaches. In the first, we analyze the probability distribution of trip time consumption at different traffic modes and calculate the required volume of every grade road based on the relationship between the time scope of a trip mode and the function of a grade road. In the second, according to the equilibrium theory between supply and demand, we use the capacity of road network obtained from time and space theory to predict the appropriate length of every grade road. In addition, we discuss the calibration of key parameters in this method. In the end, we put this method into practice by analyzing the road grade proportion in the city of Changzhou, China. The predicted results turned out to be reasonable and satisfactory.

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Evaluation Model for Alignments Consistency of Two-lane Highways

TU Sheng-wen,GUO Xiu-cheng,HE Jian-ming

2008, 8(5): 94-100 .

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Much research has ascertained the existence of a relationship between alignments consistency level and safety; however, the evaluation methods and criterions for alignments consistency of two-lane highway sections are still rare in China. Based on the research of operating speed and speed differential in the literature, an integrated model is proposed in this paper to evaluate the alignments consistency level of two-lane highway sections. Taking the relative area bounded between the speed profile and the average weighted speed (Ra) and the average speed differential between successive highway elements( ) as parameters, the model synthesizes the distribution information of operating speed and speed differential of the full highway section. Parameters in the model are calibrated through sensitivity analyses, and evaluation criterions and thresholds are therefore developed. A number of accidents investigations indicate that the evaluation criterions presented in the paper have inherence contact with accidents, which proves the adaptability and validity of the model elementarily.

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Locomotive Dispatch Simulation for Optimization of Inner Enterprise

ZHANG Ke, CHEN Jun-hua

2008, 8(5): 101-106 .

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Transport organization for inner enterprises is a complicated, stochastic service system. When a locomotive is running in the system, it is under the organizer’s constant adjustment, and its running time with task or without task is being interfered at random. All of these make the system hard to depict by mathematics accurately. On the basis of fully field survey and research, this paper forms the mathematic model for the locative dispatch simulation system. After analyzing the real operating regulation of locomotive and dispatching principles, it also gives the state shift function of locomotive. And then, according to the method of soft engineering, it carries on the overall design and develops this simulation system software. At last, a case is analyzed. Through this system we get anticipated result, which would prove that the system is an important and effective tool to study the optimization of the enterprise inside transport. According to the detailed simulation analysis, three pieces of advice for the locomotive optimal are put forward. (1) Dispatching locomotive should cooperate well with infrastructural facilities; make sure they can work harmoniously. (2) Dispatching locomotive should take this way. That is the locomotive should not only be dispatched freely in each area, but also be dispatched fixedly in one area.( 3) The usage of the transfer trains should be raised; meanwhile, the locomotive’s idling time should be lowed.

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Game Theory Model for Choice of Public Transportation Priority Scenarios

WANG Chen,CHEN Jun

2008, 8(5): 107-113 .

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Public transportation is the most important part of the urban transportation and its priority is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of public transportation. For the choice of public transportation priority, the traditional methods based on AHP are not very imprecise and complicated when weights are being discussed. This paper introduces the game theory and sets up, based on it, the choice model for the public transportation priority by identifying the function of the payoff and the muster of attendee and stratagem. In addition, it analyses the existence of NASH equilibrium, and puts forward the arithmetic of Iterated Elimination of Strictly Dominated Strategies in the general condition, the Integrated Strategies in the special condition and the flow chart of the model. At last, it verifies the feasibility of the model with the given example.

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Method for Determining the Berth of Bus Stops

REN Qi-liang

2008, 8(5): 114-117 .

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The reasonability of bus stop berth is an important standard to scale the reasonability of bus stops, and the scientific setting for bus stop berth is useful to improve the traffic capacity and reduce traffic crowd. Firstly, it is supposed that the arrival of buses follows Poisson distribution and the stop time follows normal distribution respectively. Secondly, the stop process of buses is analyzed. In addition, the computing method about the stop time, the eliminate time and the spare work time is also given. Moreover, the computing method about the effective berth and designing berth is supplied according to the traffic capacity of bus stops. In the end, the berth design blueprint of harbor-shaped and roadside bus stops is given for Nanping bus stop, and the result shows that it demands three berths for the two cases.

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Adaptive Approach to Aircraft Boarding Strategy

LIU Yang,LIU Zhen-zhao, JIA Li-min

2008, 8(5): 118-123 .

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As air travel business grows larger, it is more and more important to reduce the plane’s turnaround minute. In this paper, we try to find an optimum boarding strategy, so as to reduce the turnaround time. For small-size planes, we set up a Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming model, in which the boarding time depends mainly on the interference taking place in the seat sections and the aisles, and give a solution to this model using GASimplex Algorithm (a combination of Genetic Algorithms and Simplex method). For middle-size planes, we take Monte Carlo Simulation model which is based on probabilistic aspect. After this, we integrate these two models to make a solution for the problem of large-size planes. Based on the realization of our models with the aid of toolbox of Matlab6.5, we discover that the boarding strategy combining Reverse Pyramid with Rotation outperforms other strategies. Finally, we analyze the stability and sensibility of the model.

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Design and Realization of the Pay-upon-arrival Service System
for Railway Passenger Transportation

FANG Kai

2008, 8(5): 124-128 .

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Railway Ticketing and Reservation System (TRS) has been promoted in the railway stations all over the country for several years, but their pay-upon-arrival business still uses manual computing method. Both business operation and information maintenance are complex and the extent of informationization is low. In order to improve the lag information status of pay-upon-arrival business of railway passenger transport station, sufficiently utilize the network and application resources of current TRS, this document views the pay-upon-arrival system as extension of TRS, fills up the blank of pay-upon-arrival area in TRS, complete the data source of TRS for statistics and analysis of railway passenger transportation. It presents the overall, network and data-resource architectures of the service at the exits of the stations, designs the main features and realization process, and constructs the models for automatic note-reckoning and price-calculation. System based on this document has been put into operation in several stations and is well applied in the scene.

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Model of Curb Parking Pricing in Urban Center District of China

FENG Huan-huan,ZHU Cong-kun

2008, 8(5): 129-135 .

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In order to solve the unreasonable charge for curb parking and low turnover of parking berth and serious phenomenon of curb parking disorder, based on the traffic operation in urban center district and the statistical analysis to fact-finding and questionnaire for curb parking, the urban curb parking charges purposes were identified. According to different charges purposes and accepted tolerance function to parkers, three different computation models of curb parking pricing were set up, which were regulating traffic, the relationship between supply and demand in parking spaces and parking behaviors. A genetic algorithm to calculate the model was put forward. With combination of the curb parking fact-finding in Guanqian district of Suzhou and business district of Wuxi, simulation results show that the computation optimum charges are consistent with the practical case, which effectively indicates the charge for curb parking in urban center district

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Travel Behavior and Mode Choice of Urban Motorcycle

XIANYU Jian-chuan,,JUAN Zhi-cai

2008, 8(5): 136-140 .

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The increasing popular of motorcyle has brought problems to urban traffic, such as, poor safety record, serious congestion, and poor environmental performance. In this paper, revealed and stated preference surveys of daily travel were carried out in the typical city of Nanhai, Foshan to study the impacts of motorcycle traffic on the transportation system. Based on the survey data, the reasons why people use motorcyle, the travel behavior of motorcyle users, as well as the relation and difference between motorcycle and its substitutes are analyzed. A multinomial logit model is built to analyze the travel mode choice and the results of giving priority to public transport and motorcycle restraining policies are also studied, which has reference significance for other cities and provides a practical and efficient tool for understanding travel mode choice behavior.

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