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25 August 2008, Volume 8 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Decision-making Forum
Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
Cases Analysis


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Decision-making Forum

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Innovations and Development of Transportation Systems Engineering JIA Shun-ping 2008, 8(4): 1-10 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (3066KB) ( )   The 11th Conference on “Traffic and transportation Forum 7+1” was around the theme of innovations and development of transportation systems engineering. It reviews the development of transportation in history and the study of comprehensive transportation in China. The conference pointed out the necessity to apply systems engineering to transportation field. It also emphasized the fusion of system science and comprehensive transportation, and the application of several important technologies, such as, traffic simulation, system dynamics, decision-making system, integration approach from qualitative study to quantitative study, and artificial transportation system. The conference further discussed the task on discipline construction, talents training, and development of technology innovation platform. Taking Beijing as an example, it analyzed its public transportation development. This conference promots the innovation and development of transportation systems engineering to some extent. Related Articles | Metrics

Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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Fractal Structure and Regional Difference of Spatial System of Road Network in China BAI Chun-guang,CAI Xian-hua 2008, 8(4): 11-15 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1198KB) ( )   Based on the fractal theory and the analysis method of GIS, the spatial structures of road networks in three economic zones and six economic districts of China are researched in this paper. The Hausdarf dimension values of the road networks of different regions are measured, and the values of the covering depth are also calculated. The values are compared in the same scale. The result shows that from eastern China to middle and western China, the value of fractal dimension of the road network becomes smaller and smaller, and the value of the covering depth becomes larger and larger. The economic districts with the largest fractal dimension value of traffic network in turn are East China, Central South China, South-west China, North-east China, North China, and North-west China. East China and Central South China has the smallest value of the covering depth, and North West China has the largest one. The relationship of regional economy and fractal dimension value of road network has been given in this research. It can provide a new method for road network analysis and transportation planning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transportation Development Strategic Plan about 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games MA Xiao-yi 2008, 8(4): 16-22 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2067KB) ( )   Undertaking the Asian Games will bring the rare opportunity to urban construction and transportation development. However, it will also bring severe challenges to city by the traffic demand that occur suddenly and concentrated during the Asian Games. Therefore, a transportation development strategy is urgently needed to guide transport planning, construction, and management before and during the Asian Games. This paper systematically analyses the distribution feature of venues and the transport pressure which Guangzhou faces during the Asia Games. It proposes the detailed plan from the point of view of construction and organization under the guidance of the strategic goal and predicts the road operation conditions and the Asian Games venues accessibility by recent transportation plan model. Finally, it puts forward the next implementation project. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology

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Review of Pedestrian Traffic Data Collection Method Based on Video Image Processing SHAO Chun-fu, LI Juan,ZHAO Yi,DONG Chun-jiao 2008, 8(4): 23-29 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1913KB) ( )   Pedestrian traffic is the major trip mode of Chinese urban residents. Being the important part of intelligent transportation system, pedestrian traffic data collection method based on video image processing is the basis of traffic planning, traffic management and traffic control by detecting pedestrian, analyzing motion trajectory and extracting traffic parameter. This paper reviews the development of pedestrian traffic collection method technique and describes four steps studied intensively in the past work including pedestrian detection, recognition, tracking, and traffic parameter extraction. Finally, the recent problems and prospect in this area are also provided. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Traffic Data Test Method Based on Free-flow Velocity LI Jiang,SUN Li-jun 2008, 8(4): 30-35 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1464KB) ( )   Theory hypothesis is the premise of this paper. The conclusion that “Free Flow Speed” is a stable value in a fixed section of a highway has been drawn depending on the theory hypothesis and analyzing by making use of statistics. This important result can help us move forward to screening questionable loop detectors which have some problems with them and produce distorted data. Threshold values limitation and clustering approaches are used in this paper to exclude and select questionable loop detectors relying on the stable traffic parameter. And initial criterions to screen questionable loop detectors come into being with the help of these approaches and common practice. Experiments have been designed to approve the validity of these initial criterions. Then several necessary experiments in different situations are successfully carried out to validate and adjust the initial criterions. At last, the reliable determinant criterion is concluded after analyzing the results of the experiments. The results of the experiments show that this method is feasible and proper in screening questionable loop detectors based on the mass archived traffic data. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Incident Detection Algorithm for Urban Expressways Based on Probe Vehicle Data YU Liu,YU Lei,QI Yi,WANG Jian-quan,WEN Hui-min 2008, 8(4): 36-41 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1196KB) ( )   Traffic incidents are major contributors to traffic delay. Expedient and reliable incident detection is an important part of expressway traffic management and control in urban areas. This paper proposes an automated incident detection algorithm for urban expressways based on probe vehicle data by the CUSUM algorithm based approach. The presented algorithm is validated using the actual incident information and the probe vehicle data collected in Beijing at different time intervals. Its performance is evaluated and further compared with that of an existing probe-vehicle-based incident detection algorithm, the UCB algorithm. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm under 1-minute time interval is better than that under 5-minute time interval. It is also observed that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the UCB algorithm. Under the same false alarm rate, the detection rate of the proposed algorithm is improved by 10%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Travel Speed Collection Technology Based on Low Frequence FCD ZHU Li,YANG Dong-yuan 2008, 8(4): 42-48 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1407KB) ( )   Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is one effective method of solving traffic problems currently. Furthermore, distribution and prediction of dynamic traffic information are the key problems of ITS. However, because of all kinds of external factors, the traffic condition characterizes in randomicity, which results in great difficulties in distribution and prediction of dynamic traffic information. According to the actuality of a certain city, a kind of brand new dynamic travel speed collection technology based on low frequence FCD is introduced in the paper. First, the empty probe taxi data processing algorithm is brought forward to improve the precision of the techniques. Second, map matching algorithm based on distance, angle, connectivity, as well as historical data is presented to solve the problem of complex and similar sections. Finally, the travel speed estimation and data fusion algorithm is provided, and its precision is verified. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Capturing Travelers’ Stated Mode Choice Preferences under the Influence of Income in Yangon City, Myanmar ZHANG Jun-yi, FUJIWARA Akimasa,Soe Thein 2008, 8(4): 49-62 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2729KB) ( )   Focusing on the role of a new transit system in mitigating current and future potential traffic issues in Yangon City of Myanmar, this paper attempts to analyze mode choice behavior based on a stated preference (SP) survey. Comparing with developed countries, developing countries are characterized by rapidly changing socio-economic environments (esp., income). It is required to reflect the influence of such decision context in both survey method and modeling framework. Therefore, SP survey is first designed to incorporate the influence of future income as well as other level-of-service attributes, while a revealed preference (RP) survey is also prepared. Second, a RP/SP combined mode choice model is estimated, in which the parameters of travel time and cost are defined as a function of future income, respectively. A SP survey was conducted at a residential area of Yangon City in March 2003. This is the first SP survey done in Myanmar. Respondents show the highest preference of new transit system among travel modes. The effectiveness of the proposed model structure was empirically confirmed. Furthermore, simulation analysis suggests that future income will bring about a potentially large increase in car usage and consequently reduction in transit systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation on Impact of Information Guidance on Regional Traffic Flow GAO Li-ping,LIU Ming-jun,SUN Zhuang-zhi,MAO Bao-hua 2008, 8(4): 63-69 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1302KB) ( )   The traffic flow information guidance can improve the operating efficiency of regional traffic. On the basis of the information guidance model and survey data, this paper takes advantage of the VISSIM software to simulate the traffic in a region within the Southwest Second Ring of Beijing constructed by 6 roads and 6 intersections and makes a comparative evaluation on the operation of the regional road traffic flow before and after the implementation of the traffic flow information guidance measures. The analysis of 5 different guided flow cases shows that if the guided left-turn traffic flows in southbound I.A increases from 10% to 30%, the travel time of the left-turn traffic flow in southbound I.A has a reduction from 18% to 42%, and its delay also reduces from 234 s to 164 s. In the circumstance of ensuring less traffic jam on the other sections of this region, the left-turn traffic jam in the southbound I.A can be effectively mitigated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model and Solution Algorithm for Multiclass User Equilibrium Assignment Problem in a Degradable Road Network SHI Feng, LUO Duan-gao 2008, 8(4): 70-76 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1372KB) ( )   This paper proposes a multiclass user equilibrium assignment model for ascertaining the difference in travel choice behavior of different user classes in a degradable road network. In the proposed model, on the basis of travelers’ risk attitudes toward network uncertainty, all travelers are categorized into three classes: risk-averse travelers, risk-prone travelers, and risk-neutral travelers. The multiclass user network equilibrium conditions are presented and formulated as a variational inequality (VI) model, and a heuristic solution algorithm for solving the VI model is given. An example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and solution algorithm. This study will help to understand heterogeneous travelers’ route choice behavior and can serve as a useful tool for evaluating the effects of various transport policies on different user classes at the strategic level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combined Model for Flow Assignment and Mode Split in Two-modes Traffic Network SUN Huijun, SI Bingfeng,WU Jianjun 2008, 8(4): 77-82 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1279KB) ( )   In order to alleviate urban traffic problems such as congestion, air pollution, and shortage of fuel, it is necessary to develop public traffic system with priority. A fundamental requirement for bus priority policy is to develop transit flow assignment models in the multimode network. Travelers’ choice behaviors, e.g., mode and route choice, are important in modeling transit network flows. This paper develops a combined model for modal split and flow assignment in two modes network to obtain the proportion of traffic demand shared by bus and private car while considering the interactions between these two modes. And then a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. At last, a numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the model and algorithm. The results show that the traffic demand of private cars will increase quickly in the congested network for the lower service level of buses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Method for Moving Object Recognition and Tracking GAO Tao,LIU Zheng-guang,ZHANG Jun 2008, 8(4): 83-88 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1604KB) ( )   This paper presents a new method for moving object identification and tracking in the intelligent traffic monitoring system. For the shortcomings and deficiencies of the frame-subtraction method, we put forward a redundant wavelet transform based on the moving object recognition algorithm, which directly detects moving objects in the redundant wavelet transform domain. Subsequently, we use an improved adaptive mean-shift algorithm to track the object. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the moving object, even though the object is similar to the background. The segmentation results are more effective than the traditional frame-subtraction method, and the object tracking is accurate without the impact of changes in the size of the object. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has high practical value and prospects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Study for Tracking Operation of Subway Trains Based on Cellular Automata FU Yin-ping,GAO Zi-you,LI Ke-ping 2008, 8(4): 89-95 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1380KB) ( )   In the system of railway traffic, the train operation control system is the key subsystem to ensure the safety and to enhance efficiency. The development of the train operation control system is based on analyzing the train tracking mechanism, and building train tracking models and algorithms. According to the characteristics of subway trains tracking, we have proposed a cellular model to simulate the tracking operation of trains in Beijing subway line 2. By means of speed-time-position graphs, we have investigated some important characteristics of subway train flow and have analyzed the relationships of speed, time, and position. The dynamic characteristics of train flow are well described in the simulation results. The comparison between the simulation and real-life data shows that the proposed model is an effective tool to describe the characteristics of subway trains tracking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation and Analysis of Cumulative Amount of Fixed Capital of Passenger Transport in City Zone of Beijing LIU Dong-mei, QI Tong-yan,ZHANG Ke 2008, 8(4): 96-100 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1302KB) ( )   with reference to perpetual inventory method, this paper first constructes the cumulative amount of fixed capital model of passenger transport, and then calculates the cumulative amount of fixed capital of road infrastructures, traffic management infrastructures, public transport park, social car park, rail traffic infrastructures, and passenger vehicles, respectively. The result shows that the growth of traffic infrastructures’ cumulative amount of fixed capital is similar to the passenger vehicles’ during the 10th five-year plan in Beijing. The capital reserve of transport infrastructure grew quickly enough to resist the press of the growth of vehicle volume. Furthermore, this paper considers that the cumulative amount of the fixed capital of passenger transport which is expressed in currency can be one index which evaluates the transport supply comprehensive in one area till one time References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Evacuation Time for Passengers from Metro Platforms CHEN Shao-kuan,LI Si-yue, LI Xue, HONG Jing, LAI Jin-xuan, CAI Pei 2008, 8(4): 101-107 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1687KB) ( )   An evacuation time model for passengers from metro platforms is proposed from field data by considering crowd density and physical characteristics of stations. An integrated statistical method based on queue theory is provided to characterize the duration of passenger alighting from trains, walking from platforms and through exits, rising on escalators in this study. The proposed model is put into practice in Xizhimen metro station for case studies and also provides an effective method to calculate the evacuation time of passengers from platforms in metro planning and operations. The results in the case study show that the total error is about 2.25% except for stairs and exits. Moreover, the upper limit of evacuation capability from metro stations should be seriously considered by operators and engineers for the securities and operations of transportation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Goods Location Layout Model and Algorithm in Storage Area FU Zhong-ning,ZHANG Lian-fu,HAO Hong-juan, JUAN Zhi-cai, ZHANG Zhi-hui 2008, 8(4): 108-113 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1216KB) ( )   Logistics efficiency is influenced by goods location layout in storage areas. This paper presents the specific objectives of goods location layout—to minimize the total hauling distance of in-out stock within a certain period and to lower the shelf barycenter to the minimum. Based on it, an optimization model with double objectives is developed to determine the goods location. The model is solved by integrating parallel selection, multi-gender evolution, and restriction method of genetic algorithm into the solution. According to the practical operation data in a certain storage area, the result of goods location layout is calculated by programming with MATLAB 7.0. The analysis of this case indicates that the solution is feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimizing Integration of Traffic Information Based on Statistical Analysis YANG Wang-dong,HE Huan-min, ZHU Qing 2008, 8(4): 114-118 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1182KB) ( )   Traffic information integration can comprehensively analyze and use all kinds of data generated by the system and thus fulfill the management and control of the city traffic. However, owing to the large amount of traffic information, a strong real-time request, and traffic information’s requirements of the different transmission performance, the QOS of traffic information’s transmission is particularly important. Based on the statistical analysis of traffic information, the optimization of integration is the use of information bus data to achieve the data integration, to statistically analyze the real-time traffic information’s delay on the transmission and disturbance between transmission information, and then it can get the quantitative characteristics of the traffic information transmission and provide evidence for the parameter setting of information transmission channels, the buffer queue and the time constraints. Thus it can optimize the integration of traffic information, improve efficiency and shorten the responding time of traffic information. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Highway Safety Improvement Effect Evaluation Method Based on Driver Feelings LIU Dong-bo,NIU Shi-feng,CHEN Jiao 2008, 8(4): 119-121 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (723KB) ( )   Statistical data show that highway traffic accidents account for a large proportion of road traffic accidents in China. Highway sections of insecurity has become a bottleneck of China’s overall traffic safety level, carrying traffic safety improvements for it have been inevitable . In order to evaluate highway safety improvement effect properly, on the basis of the current evaluation method, this paper raises a new evaluation method which uses the improvement effect of driver feelings. First, an evaluation index system is built according to traffic safety management demands, and then a simple and practical evaluation method is designed by introducing fuzzy math methods. finally, an applied example was given to prove the feasibility of the method References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Train Operation Adjustment Based on Rough Set Theory QIAN Ming-jun,SONG Jian-ye 2008, 8(4): 122-126 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1195KB) ( )   The rough set theory is a new method to deal with incomplete and uncertain data. The procedure for the theory to process data is very similar to that for the train dispatcher to make decision to adjust the conflicting trains. Both of them extract the decision-making rules from a large number of experienced data with which then the new decision are gained. Through analyzing the work of train operation adjustment and the decision-making method applied by dispatchers in detail, a model on the Rough Set is developed, and the steps for obtaining and expressing the train operation adjustment knowledge are put forward. Furthermore, the reduction algorithm of decision-making rules of train operation adjustment is also improved. All these make the conception for the method clearer and the solution making steps perfect. Finally, by mining the data of train operation from DMIS, the practicality of the algorithm method above is validated, and because the effecting extents of conditional attributes to the decision-making could be evaluated objectively from the extracted rules, the method discussed could provide valuable references for the train dispatchers to make new effective adjustment measures, and consummate train operation adjusting system on Rough Set Theory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Numerical Simulation and Monitoring on Construction of Multiple Arch Tunnel Sustained Unsymmetrical Pressure XU Zhe-wen 2008, 8(4): 127-131 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1182KB) ( )   With the rapid development of the construction of highway tunnel in China, there are more and more multi-arched tunnels. Multi-arched tunnel is usually used in the construction of middle and short length tunnels, and there usually appears the problems of unsymmetrical pressure and unfavorable geological. Number 2 tunnel in Chadao of Zhang-Shi highway is 188 m long, which is a double-arched tunnel. The grade of surrounding rock mainly is in grade IV or grade V. There are fragmentation, unsymmetrical pressure and lower imbedding phenomena in surrounding rock of tunnel’s entrance, which increases the difficulty of construction. By the approach of scene monitoring and numerical simulation, the displacement and distortion of surrounding rock with unsymmetrical pressure and lower imbedding are analyzed, after the tunnel is caved. As the result indicating, the outcomes of two analysis methods are accordant by and large. So the numerical simulation method is feasible in analysis of tunnel construction. At the same time, the gap of monitoring method whose prediction is poor is also supplied. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cases Analysis

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Stability Analysis on Unfavorable Geological Construction in Tunnel of Heishiling Highway HOU Xian-yun 2008, 8(4): 132-136 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   Recently, as the construction of Chinese traffic infrastructure is expanding step by step, there are more and more tunnels of highway, in which there are some over length tunnels. The Hei Shiling tunnel, of Zhang-Shi Highway in Hebei Province, is 7590m long. It is constructed in New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It is an one-way and double lane tunnel with disjunctive up and down lines. It is a long and large rocked tunnel. The grades of surrounding rock mainly are grade III, grade IV and grade V. In this paper, the Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of GTS method is adopted to dynamic analysis about the stability of construction when the tunnel is over the faultage. By the study, after the tunnel is timbered as the original designation, the plastic scope of the surrounding rock’s distortion is controlled obviously, and the stability of surrounding rock is strengthened. This research not only has instruction function to actual construction, but also saves investment and improves economic efficiency References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Management of Lawless Vehicle Using Game Theory TIAN Sheng, WANG Xuan,SITU Bing-qiang 2008, 8(4): 137-142 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1229KB) ( )   The transportation of lawless vehicle is one of the main objects that managing department strikes. This paper uses the game theory to analysis the phenomenon of the controlling by managing department and the depreciating competition between lawless vehicle. The result indicates that the inner driving force for the existing of the lawless vehicles is the profit; therefore, the managing department should not just control the lawless vehicles; the rational lawless vehicle drivers also have the inner driving force to reduce price. This paper brings forth some suggestions both from the managing department and the lawless vehicle drivers based on the result of the game theory analysis. It shows that there is theoretical and practical significance in using the game theory to analyze the transportation of lawless vehicles. References | Related Articles | Metrics