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25 December 2008, Volume 8 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Decision-making Forum
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods


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Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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Some Comments on Olympic and Post-Olympic Traffic JIA Shun-ping 2008, 8(6): 1-15 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (4811KB) ( )   With the success of 2008 Beijing Olympics, the fourth China Advanced Transport Forum aimed to draw experiences from the Olympic traffic and provide a direction for post-Olympic traffic. It reviewed the relevant preparation works before the Olympics including planning and construction of traffic facilities, formations of traffic strategy, operating plan, service scheme, and so on. Experiences and shortcomings were gained from the aspects such as traffic organization and emergency support measures. Several ideas about traffic development in the future were also proposed and deeply discussed at the meeting. This meeting concerned construction and optimization of traffic facilities, transportation demand management policy, guarantee for running good public transit, pedestrian organization and evacuation in Olympic venues, as well as practical applications of related technologies, which made great references for traffic scheme and management in special important activities. Related Articles | Metrics

Decision-making Forum

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Traffic Operation with Comments during Bejing Olympic Games LIU Xiao-ming,GUO Ji-fu,SUN Zhuang-zhi 2008, 8(6): 16-24 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2331KB) ( )   Preparation and operation of the transport system for the Olympics are both complex systematic projects. In the earlier stage, the host city should accomplish such tasks as traffic demand analysis, the laying-out and designing of traffic facilities, and transportation organization management for the Olympics. During the Games, the special demands of the Olympics have to be considered, and the assembling and evacuating of each client group should be well organized .Moreover, related departments should make great efforts to coordinate the Olympics’ transport system and other transport systems. In light of the heavy traffic demand, the paper introduces the preparatory activities for the Beijing Olympics from several aspects, namely, infrastructure development, transportation service, and management policy. The operation status of the Olympics’ transport system are illustrated from the aspects of command system, transportation services in Olympic venues, road traffic operation, and public transport. In the last section, several revelations from the Olympics’ transportation and helpful suggestions are provided for Beijing’s future transportation development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Organization with Simulation for Vehicles on Beijing Olympic Venues YU Chun-quan, ZHANG Xiao-dong, WANG Jiang-yan, HUANG Di, ZHOU Yue 2008, 8(6): 25-31 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1749KB) ( )   During the Beijing Olympic Games, all venues needed to efficiently manage traffic circulations of the Olympic family members such as VIPs, technical officials, athletes, registered medium and so forth. Travel demand characters of the Olympic venues were analyzed and traffic management principles were proposed. By developing traffic simulation models and performing simulation study for the Olympic venues, suitability and efficiencies of venue traffic operation plans were analyzed and evaluated. A case study of the Wukesong Indoor Stadium and Baseball Fields is provided. Using micro-simulation package VISSIM, different traffic operation plans under various non-Olympic background traffic volumes were tested and evaluated, and the optimal plan was selected. Recommendations to improve the plans were also given based on the study results. The actual traffic operations during the Games proved that the proposed optimal traffic operation plan and recommendations were applicable and effective References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Operational Analysis on Beijing Road Network during the Olympic Games WEN Hui-min, HU Zhong-wei, GUO Ji-fu, ZHU Li-yun, SUN Jian-ping 2008, 8(6): 32-37 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )   Monitoring and analyzing road traffic performance is a key method to ensure the Olympic traffic operation and evaluate the traffic demand management policies. In this paper, the traffic congestion evaluation index system, which is used as the basis for performance analysis, is firstly introduced. It consists of comprehensive indices and characteristic indices. Using the comprehensive indices and the traditional speed indices, real-time road traffic data are collected by Beijing Floating Car System. The data of expressways, arterial roads, some of the secondary roads and branch roads inside the fifth ring road are selected as the evaluation objects. Then, Beijing road traffic conditions are compared among pre-Olympics, during the Olympic Games and during the Paralympics Games from the aspects of traffic congestion evaluation and road speed indices. It is concluded that the road traffic is in the level of unblocked during the Olympic Games and the Paralympics Games. The road speed increases obviously and the compositive traffic ensuring policies perform effectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An International Review of Road Emergency Transport and Evacuation AN Shi,CUI Jian-xun,WANG Jian 2008, 8(6): 38-45 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2026KB) ( )   This paper aims to provide a critical review of regional evacuation study in foreign countries, including regional evacuation modeling framework, regional evacuation traffic demand forecasting, regional evacuation traffic control strategies as well as some existing regional evacuation models and simulation software. Several limitations in related researches are presented, and based on incorporating the various regional evacuation transportation management and control strategies, an integrated management and control framework is proposed. The main purpose of this paper is to offer some valuable suggestions and references for road transportation regional evacuation planning in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Beijing Subway Flows during the 29th Olympics JIANG Yu-kun 2008, 8(6): 46-51 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1477KB) ( )   During the Beijing Olympics, as a major mode to support the urban traffic, Beijing subway adopted a series measures to give guarantee to smooth operation of traffic, which included designing specific train schedules and extending the operation time of subway lines. Viewed from the characteristics of passenger flow in temporal distributions especially the opening and closing ceremony day and directional distributions such as the stations around competition venues, this paper analyzed the variety of the traffic flow in Beijing transit railway. The results indicate that the influence on passenger volumes from the Olympics is significantly associated with the layout of the Olympics stadiums. The subway passenger volumes in central districts experienced little increase both in weekdays and holidays. In the other aspect, the passenger flow had little rise in weekdays but reached a much higher amount in holidays. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Case Analysis on Vehicle Parking and Departure Plans for the National Stadium SHAO Chun-fu, ZHAO Yi, YU Lei, XU Juan 2008, 8(6): 52-55 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (998KB) ( )   As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, field and track events, and final football games. This paper intends to study the problems associated with vehicle evacuation from the parking lot, and develop evacuation plans. First, the paper analyzes the particular conditions of the parking lot in the National Stadium, as well as its layout and vehicle evacuation. Then, it simulates and evaluates the evacuation plans with the suitably given parameters, based on the real blueprint of the National Stadium and scenarios. Finally, it conducts a comparative analysis on the accuracy and practicability of the vehicle evacuation plans based on the field data collected at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The simulation result shows that the total vehicle evacuation time was 26 minutes and the real evacuation time was 27 minutes on the day of the opening ceremony, which verifies that the study is accurate and practical. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Analysis on Holiday Travel Behavior and Individual Characteristics YAO Guang-zheng,SUN Zhuang-zhi, SHAO Chun-fu, LI Xia,MA Zhuang-lin 2008, 8(6): 56-60 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (868KB) ( )   Holiday traffic has exhibited its own obvious character and regularity different from work days, thus there is huge difference between the travel activities on holidays and that of on work days. It is necessary to analyze holiday travel activities caused by individual characteristics. To obtain this result, cross-tabulation method was used and some individual characteristics such as gender, career, age, vehicle ownership and education etc. were selected as influencing factors. Based on holiday travel questionnaires in Beijing, the relationship between individual characteristics and holiday activity pattern choosing has been studied and the correlation of different characteristics and most influential activity patterns was analyzed. Results indicate that individual characteristics including age, career, and inhabitant sites are the most influential factors to the holiday activity patterns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Public Service of Transport Information during the Beijing Olympics GUAN Ji-zhen 2008, 8(6): 61-66 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1447KB) ( )   During the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the public-oriented transport information service played an important role in the Olympic Traffic Security. This study proposes the advanced framework of Beijing Olympic public transport information service. It systematically illustrated the Beijing traffic guidance VMS release system and Beijing public travel information service system which offer services to the Olympics. It also summarizes the main technical features of the Beijing traffic information VMS release system and introduces the main content and features of the Beijing public travel web. Finally, this paper discussed related questions on developing the public traffic information service. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Pre- & Post-Olympic Traffic —A Case Study of Several Roads in Beijing LIU Ming-jun, MAO Bao-hua, HUANG Yu, ZHANG Jian-peng, CHEN Shao-kuan 2008, 8(6): 67-72 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1664KB) ( )   During the 29th Olympic Games, the Organizing Committee proposed and applied a series of traffic control measures. This paper first introduces the traffic control measures, and then analyzes their effects on road traffic structure and volume. It resulted that the ratio of non-motorized vehicles and buses are directly proportional to the intensity of traffic control, while the traffic volume and V/C ratio are inversely proportional to it. The survey data indicated that with the launch of the traffic control measures, the ratio of passenger cars on expressway declined by 15.68% while that of buses inclined by 2.85% in AM peak. The vehicle volume of expressway, arterial road, secondary road, and branch road declined by 18.84%, 22.13%, 38.5%, and 24.63%, respectively by lane, while the V/C ratio decreased by 59.09%, 20.00%, 68.75%, and 6.25%, respectively, in AM peak. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Impacts of Car-using Restriction on Trip Behaviors LI Chun-yan, CHEN Jin-chuan, GUO Ji-fu, WANG Shu-ling 2008, 8(6): 73-77 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1119KB) ( )   During the Olympic Games, Beijing proposed and implemented a series of traffic demand management (TDM) measures and had effectively relieved the road traffic congestions. According to the household survey data, this paper analyzes the TDM measures’ impact on travel characteristics of Beijing residents quantitatively. We found that students’ trip rate has decreased while the full-time driver, army man, police and the retiree’s have increased. The residents’ average trip rate fell from 1.88 times per day to 1.65 times per day, and the trip volumes of schooling, dropping and outgoing for working are also decreased. The trip rate of private vehicles reduced 0.04 times per day with the carrying rate increased 0.10 person per veh, while the public vehicle’s trip rate increased 0.70 times per day and the carrying rate increased 0.32 person per veh. The travel time of subways, buses and cars have shorten for 9.55 min，5.23 min and 2.14 min respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Traffic Schemes under the Influence of the Emergency Accidents YAN Xin-ping, XIONG Wei 2008, 8(6): 78-84 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1914KB) ( )   On the basis of the concept of emergency accidents， this paper analyses the impacts caused by the emergency accidents on urban traffic, which includes transportation demand, travel behavior and the reliability of road network. Aiming at the occurrence of the emergency accidents, the author puts forward the suggestion that the traffic information collection as well as traffic flow guidance and control should be strengthened. Moreover, the estimation of real-time traffic conditions and the forecasting of road network traffic flow are very important. Based on the construction of Urban Traffic Emergency Management System (UTEMS) and the analyses of its function flow, it is significant to establish an urban traffic emergency management mechanism. In the end, the paper illustrates the kind of strategy that the urban traffic management department should adopt scientifically under the influence of the emergency accidents both from theoretical and technical views. It has also shown that research on unban traffic under the influence of the emergency accidents, which improves the capability of disposing emergency accidents as well as reducing the effect of post-accidents, is essential for protecting city safety and society stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Pedestrian Simulation in Olympic Games ZHU Na-na, WANG Jiang-yan, SHI Jian-gang 2008, 8(6): 85-90 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1497KB) ( )   Effective pedestrian organization plan and management is necessary for the crowded spectators in the complex venue and environment in special event. 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is a real big challenge to the staff in responsible for pedestrian management and related planning tasks. This paper introduces a simulation method of application on pedestrian facilities and management during the Beijing Olympic Games. According to the pedestrian characters in the Olympics, actual data are colleted for parameter calibration, and then simulation approach is introduced. The methodology and its application were illustrated through a case study on the National Stadium-the main stadium of the Beijing Olympic Games. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the pedestrian facilities and pedestrian management methods, different pedestrian egress plans were proposed and the optimal plan was identified through the simulation study. The actual pedestrian traffic operations during the Olympic Games proved the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed methodology and egress plan. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Correlation of Holiday Trips and Activities Based on Structural Equation Model LI Xia, SHAO Chun-fu,SUN Zhuang-zhi,YAO Guang-zheng,DONG Chun-jiao 2008, 8(6): 91-95 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1020KB) ( )   Based on the Structural Equation Modeling and holiday travel behavior survey of Beijing, the structural equation model of activity and travel time was established, with the individual socio-economic characteristics being taken into account. Eight factors were first chosen as exogenous variables for the structural equation model; Meanwhile, six activity characteristic indexes were selected as endogenous variables including activity duration time, activity times and travel time in two kinds of activity, hereby maintenance activity and discretionary activity respectively. Then, this paper attempted to discuss the correlation of all types of activities and holiday travel behavior through analyzing not only the influence of individual socio-economics on activity and travel behavior but also the correlation of holiday trips and activities. Consequently, this model was verified and conclusions were given according to the results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency Evacuation Model and Algorithms CHEN Yue-ming, XIAO De-yun 2008, 8(6): 96-100 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1101KB) ( )   A scientific and effective emergency evacuation plan plays an important role in improving the event reaction ability of the urban traffic system, as well as, saves rescue time and reduces property losses. Evacuation route construction and network distribution in each network junction are vital for evacuation planning problems. An optimal objective based on the shortest emergency time is established and the optimal solution is acquired using the Pontryagin minimum principle. The evacuation route construction algorithm and traffic flow assignment algorithm in each junction are employed to deliver the traffic flow in the evacuation area to a safe region rapidly and safely. The idea of feedback is introduced in the execution using real-time information to adjust and update the evacuation plan. The simulation result shows that the proposed model and algorithm can be effectively carried out in an emergency evacuation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bus Signal and VIP Vehicle Emergency Priority at Intersections in Beijing Olympic Center JIANG Guang-sheng, LIANG Yi-chao, GUAN Ji-zhen,WEI Ran, LI Zhi-heng, GONG Yan-jun 2008, 8(6): 101-106 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1399KB) ( )   During the Beijing 2008 Olympics，the government of Beijing took series of measures to ensure a smooth traffic condition. Bus signal priority at intersections was an important measure among them. This paper first introduced the control logic and control strategy of bus signal priority and emergency priority at intersections. Secondly, it introduced the process of using FRID technique to achieve bus signal priority and VIP vehicle emergency priority at intersections in the Olympic center. Then it stated the configuration method of Hisense signal controller for bus priority and emergency priority. At last, This paper summarized and evaluated the effect of signal priority and gave some advice on urban bus signal priority. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Public Traffic Demand with Supporting Schemes during Beijing Olympic Games LIU Chang-ping, LI Chun-yan, CHEN Jin-chuan 2008, 8(6): 107-114 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1783KB) ( )   During the Beijing Olympics, urban traffic should meet heavy travel demands both from large amount of demestic and intertional spectators and its basic transport demand. For the success of the Olympics, urban public traffic can be treated as a major mode to meet these demands. Based on the urban public traffic demands during the playing and regular time, this study analyzed the characteristics of passenger flow in temporal distributions including peak day (7th day) and the opening/closing ceremony day and directional distributions such as the areas around the competition venues, large scale transportation hubs and the main distributing channels. Then, the transit model was utilized to check the capacity of the urban public traffic under interrelated supporting schemes of buses, subways, taxis, and it was found that the public traffic system had enough service potential to meet the travel demand during the Olympics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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VMS Release of Traffic Guide Information in Beijing Olympics GUAN Ji-zhen, ZHENG Chang-qing, ZHU Xue-liang, LIU Jin-kun,WANG Yi-sheng, QIAO Liang,JI Yan-ling 2008, 8(6): 115-120 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1567KB) ( )   During the Beijing Olympics, the traffic guidance by VMS(Variable Message Signs) gained excellent effects. Road condition dynamic and quantitative information which was released during the Olympics provided travelers with real-time road conditions and travel time of main Olympic lines. This study discussed the VMS traffic information release based on traffic flow real-time detecting. It introduced the logical structure of the Olympic traffic guidance VMS information release. The data process of the VMS release is presented based on the collected original data, and certain methods on data process are discussed. This study also discussed the self-generation model of VMS traffic guidance information. It proposed the mid point-centered method and section-centered method to calculate travel time and average speed. In the last section, it provides practical effects of proposed model algorithm in the Olympic traffic guidance VMS release. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Evaluation of Traffic Demand Management Policies during the Beijing Olympic Games WANG Shu-ling,CHEN Jin-chuan, GUO Ji-fu, LI Chun-yan 2008, 8(6): 121-126 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1483KB) ( )   TDM has been one of effective methods to meet the booming traffic demand during the Olympic Games. Based on the characteristics of the Olympic traffic demand and compared with TDM policy points during the previous Olympics, In this paper, TDM policies during Beijing Olympics were introduced in aspects of vehicles using control, setting the Olympic Special Lanes, supporting schemes of transit and freight, staggering of working hours, and so on. According to the synthesis, maneuverability, receptivity and effects, the collusions of TDM policy evaluations are drawn and the data show that the traffic flow decreased by 22.5% while the average speed of road network increased by 28.5% at morning peak, the 122 callings dropped but the transit volume ascended and its trip rate is over 45%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Taxi Operation Characteristics with Traffic Control SONG Li-jing, ZHANG De-xin, CHEN Jin-chuan, AN Ju, SU Yin 2008, 8(6): 127-131 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )   This paper analyzes the taxi operation characteristics through a Taxi questionnaire survey both in Beijing Olympic Games period and the pre-Olympic games period and the data comparison between the two periods. According to the results, the taxi efficiency has reached 92.26% during the Olympic period, and the total taxi riders has increased by 19.2% compared with the pre-Olympic period. Moreover, the non-occupancy rate of the taxi has decreased from 46.05% to 37.06%, and 76.31% of the people who returned the questionnaire thought the taxi speed has increased dramatically. However, only 28.85% of the people thought the waiting time had shortened evidently, and the service should be further improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated Detecting System Based on HDV in Expressways for Beijing Olympics LIU Jing,GUAN Ji-zhen,HU Jian-jun,SONG Wei-hong,WU Di,ZHOU Zhi-qiang 2008, 8(6): 132-137 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1831KB) ( )   High-definition video (HDV) technology is the development of the hot spots in the traffic detection field. The traffic integrated detecting system based on HDV is built in expressways for Beijing Olympic. It achieved on the complex monitoring of the expressway entrance and the exit, collection of traffic information and more business operations. This paper introduces the design and implementation of Traffic complex detecting system based on HDV in expressways for Beijing Olympic. It describes the overall situation of the system, designs the architecture, realizes the function modules, and analyses the information processing. Finally, it expounds the thinking of system integration from architecture, function modules, data Integration, innovation of application, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Transport Policies of Post-Olympic Times of Beijing MAO Bao-hua 2008, 8(6): 138-145 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2295KB) ( )   As the most influential international activity in the world, the Olympic Games receive great attentions from the host countries. Based on discussions on the urban traffic status in Beijing, this paper concludes some valuable experiences from the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In light of the outlined targets on transport development in Beijing, basic development strategies are introduced for the post-Olympic transport considering Beijing’s social development and economic construction. The development goals for Beijing are to ensure the stability of society and economy, promote city of Beijing to be an international metropolis, as well as continuously expand Beijing’s even China’s influence in the world, Thus, the paper points out several transportation issues of Beijing in terms of the roles of public transit and private transportation, and recognitions on social equality through transportation externalities. Finally, some suggestions about construction and management in short term are put forward for Beijing after Olympic Games. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Consistency of Input-Output Model and Shockwave Analysis in Queue and Delay Estimations YI Ping, TIAN Zong-zhong, ZHAO Qiang 2008, 8(6): 146-152 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )   This paper investigates the consistency between the simple input-output model and the shockwave analysis method as applied to traffic bottleneck problems. Mathematical derivations considering changes in arriving demand and discharge rate have shown that these models are consistent in queue and delay estimations, as both methods produce identical results at anytime during the congestion propagation and dissipation processes. Earlier findings on the inconsistency of these two methods are attributed to the lack of consideration of the baseline factor, which is dependent on the level of background traffic. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the importance of the baseline factor, to ensure consistency regardless of the use of different flow-density relationships. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On New Coal Transport Channel in “Sanxi” Region of China SHAO Jun-Jie, BAI Yun, MAO Bao-hua 2008, 8(6): 153-160 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (2140KB) ( )   “Sanxi” coal transport channels are the main coal transport corridor in China. According to the situation of transport ability inadequacy, to research and construct a new coal transport channel is very important for assuring coal supply, balancing between coal supply and demand and improving coal utilization efficiency. This paper analyzes the layout and operation of the existing coal transport channels in “SanXi” region, and studies the technical criterion, transport capacity and volume of 12 main lines. Then, the paper points out the existing problems of the railway outward transport system of coal in Sanxi region, and a contrastive analysis is made with Southern Line and Northern Line. Finally, a construction plan of coal transport new channel and its collecting and distributing system is proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Location Planning Model and Solution Procedure for Stations of Bus and Subway to the Airport WU Xiao, ZHOU Yi-ming,WEI Zhong-hua,LIU Xiao-ming 2008, 8(6): 161-166 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1242KB) ( )   Linking planning between the airport and city traffic plays an important role in urban traffic planning. It is necessary to analyzes the existing problems and build up an efficient linking system. In terms of the linking system’s character, this paper considers the relationship between the airport and city traffic with the point of view of developing public traffic and figures out the problems. The key to increase efficiency and deal with the problem is distribution and choosing location of the station of the bus and subway to the airport, and size design. Aiming at the minimization of total passengers’ travel time, this paper develops the location planning model for diversiform stations of bus and subway to the airport, and it is based on an existence planning method of bus stations. Then the genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model. Which provides the model and size of the stations, as well asreasonable planning program. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Case Analysis on Platform Design of Urban Rail Transit System HUI Lun 2008, 8(6): 167-173 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1577KB) ( )   Form design of platforms is an importance part of urban rail transit planning and construction. In this paper, the characteristic of Songjiazhuang Station of Beijing Yizhuang subway are studied. Based on it, three forms of platform design, such as one-island-two-side with two lines, one-island-one-side with two lines, and one-island-one-side with three lines, are expatiated. Then, this paper compares the waiting conditions, back-turning capacity, conditions of sections for leaving and arriving and the station dimensions of the three forms. From point of the impact factors to frontal back-turning capacity of island-platforms, as well as the impact of the platform passenger organizing program to platform’s width and train stopping time, this paper drawns a conclusion that the one-island-two-side with two lines platform suits the original stations of urban rail transit with island-platform and frontal back-turning section. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved Design on Locomotive Converter Based on Its Maintainability DI Wei 2008, 8(6): 174-178 .  Abstract ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )   With the development of modern electric and electronic technology, the maintainability of locomotives and its relationship with reliability are described in this paper, and the solution for increasing the maintainability of AC locomotive converters is discussed. In addition, the function and significance of standardization, serialization, and modularization are also presented, The converter’s modularization and serialization design are also provided, which indicates that both are important for the maintainability of locomotive converters. References | Related Articles | Metrics