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    Decision-making Forum
    Pricing Strategy of Parallel Trains of High-speed Railway Based on Passenger Choice Behavior
    JIANG Wen-hui, LI Yan-lai
    2018, 18(6): 1-7. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3607KB) ( )  

    Consider parallel trains of high-speed railway which run on the same OD of the same high-speed line, the current fare of high-speed railways is fixed, which is neither characterization of the difference between the parallel trains nor adapted to the passenger's demand condition, and eventually resulting in unbalanced attendance rate among parallel trains and revenue loss. Therefore, this paper uses multi-product pricing idea for reference, multinominal Logit model(MNL)is used to describe passenger choice behavior in their ticketing process, and three pricing strategies are proposed with the goal of maximizing the parallel trains overall income. Finally, BeijingShanghai high-speed railway as a case background, this paper analyzes the optimal fare path of the passenger ticket purchase process and the efficiency of the three pricing strategies. Analytical results show that all three pricing strategies can effectively improve ticket sales income and dynamic differential pricing strategy performs best. The research content of this paper provides a scientific basis for the pricing decision of high-speed railway parallel trains.

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    Multi-dimensional Activity-travel Decisions Based on Integrated Model
    FU Xue-mei, JUAN Zhi-cai
    2018, 18(6): 8-13. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3128KB) ( )  

    This paper provides a unified modeling of five activity-travel decisions, including continuous commute distance, discrete commute mode and departure time, car ownership and number of non-work activities. It is found that on the one hand, these decisions are significantly influenced by individual traveler’s socioeconomic characteristics. The complex inter-relationships across behavioral decisions, on the other hand, are also confirmed. For example, (1) the longer the commuting distance, the more the private cars owned; (2) both commuting distance and choice of commuting by bus negatively influence the number of non-work activities; (3) individual has a higher propensity to commute by car and bus when more cars are owned by his/her family or the commuting distance is long. To sum up, this study confirms the complex interactions across individual’s activitytravel decisions, and emphasizes the importance of jointly modeling the multi-dimensional decisions.

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    Passenger Travel Choice in Multiple Airport System Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory
    XU Ai-qing,CHEN Xin,ZHU Jin-fu
    2018, 18(6): 14-21. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4217KB) ( )  

    Based on the cumulative prospect theory, the passenger travel behavior in multi-airport system is studied. For the passengers with different travel demand, the paper sets trip dynamic reference point according to planning delay time, fare, travel budget time "reliability" and "unreliability". We build a passenger travel choice model and made an empirical analysis considering the limited flight capacity. The passenger travel selection model is constructed and the empirical survey data is compared with simulation results of the prospective theory and the expected theory. The study shows that in multi-airport system passenger travel decision- making model can effectively describe the passenger's path decision-making process. The passenger decision-making behavior varies with the purpose of travel. The cumulative prospect theory can describe air passenger decision-making behavior better than the expected utility theory. Therefore, airports should combine passengers' limited rational characteristics and its own market positioning to optimize flight frequencies, fares and route network structures.

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    Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
    Environmental Efficiency of China's Transportation Industry from the Perspective of Technological Differences
    CHEN Lei, WANG Ying-ming
    2018, 18(6): 22-27. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4803KB) ( )  

    It is of great significance to reasonably evaluate the environmental efficiency of the transportation industry, because it is related to the transportation industry's sustainable development of green and low-carbon. Based on data envelopment analysis with undesirable outputs, the environmental efficiency of China' s regional transportation industry is evaluated; and combining with Meta-frontier Malmquist index analysis, the dynamic changes in its environmental efficiency during 2007-2016 is analyzed from the perspective of regional technical differences. The results show that the environmental efficiency of China's transportation industry is growing slowly on the whole, and there is still much room for improvement. Meanwhile, due to the influence of regional technological differences, the transportation industries in the eastern, central and western areas of China have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of environmental efficiency. On this basis, the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed in this paper to help all regions improve their environmental efficiency of transportation industry.

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    Threshold Value of Income Effects of Transport Infrastructure: Take the Rural Areas of 11 Western Provinces in China as an Example
    REN Xiao-hong, XU Cai-rui, REN Qi-liang, DAN Ting
    2018, 18(6): 28-34. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4394KB) ( )  

    The study portrays the dynamic change process of the transport infrastructure income effect, by constructing a differential dynamic model of the influence that the transport infrastructure has on farmers’ income. Using the data of the rural area in 11 western provinces, the paper demonstrates the existence of the threshold effect and solves the threshold range of different regions and the direction and preconditions of the transport infrastructure income effect. The study concludes that the relationships between the growth rate of rural transport infrastructure and agricultural labor capital and agricultural labor wages are all inverse U-shaped. What is more, a moderate distance and a certain number of employed population are the preconditions for the income effect of transport infrastructure, of which the size and direction vary with the geographical location of each province. Except Chongqing, Sichuan, and Guangxi, the rural transport infrastructure in the western provinces has achieved a threshold value range that the income effects are no longer significant.

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    Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
    Freeway Early Warning and Emergency Avoidance Model of the VANET Information Technology
    LIU Hai-yang, FENG Zhong-ke, WU Yun-peng, HU Nuo, FENG Ze-bang
    2018, 18(6): 35-40. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3461KB) ( )  

    In order to reduce highway vehicle rear end collision and chain rear end collision, this paper studies the early warning and risk avoidance of the VANET information technology. This article uses the VANET information technology to quickly forecast the rear vehicles of traffic accidents, obtains and analyzes the information of the road vehicles according to the VANET information technology, and helps the rear vehicle drivers to make reasonable emergency plans in time and make emergency measures. The test proves that following the early warning model can prompt the driver to avoid rear-end collisions. When the traffic can not avoid frontal collision, the emergency hedging model can make effective judgments according to the road conditions, and successfully avoid the rear-end collision accident. In the highway test, the third vehicle reduced the braking distance by 9.2 m, and the fourth vehicle reduced the braking distance by 21.4 m, greatly reducing the vehicle braking distance of the accident follow-up vehicles. The accident can effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents such as rear-end collision in dense traffic lanes, and improve highway transportation safety.

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    Stability Analysis of A Car-following Model with Consideration of Preceding and Following Vehicles
    PENG Yong, LIU Shi-jie, DENNIS Z Yu
    2018, 18(6): 41-47. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4590KB) ( )  

    A driver usually adjusts his car-following behavior by observing the preceding and following cars in his view. Based on this, an improved car-following model is proposed to consider the influence of the double preceding cars and the following car in the driver’s view on the car following. According to the linear stability analysis method, the neutral stability condition of the improved model is obtained and verified by computer simulation. In order to strengthen the verification results and illustrate the superiority of the improved model, the comparison with the FVDM is carried out. The results show that the greater the sensitivity α, the better the stability of the system; compared with the FVDM, the improved model is more capable of resisting interference, and can dissipate small disturbances in the traffic system, and has the advantage of restraining traffic congestion and stabilizing the traffic flow.

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    The Optimal Control Method of Asymmetric Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersection
    JIANG Xian-cai, YU Chen
    2018, 18(6): 48-54. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3991KB) ( )  

    In order to improve the low traffic efficiency and imbalance traffic loading at signalized intersection approach caused by asymmetric traffic flow in Chinese urban road, the distribution form and its’ applicable phase scheme of the opposing traffic flow at signalized intersection are analyzed, and the generation rules of dynamic phase scheme per signal cycle are established. Then signal control parameter optimization model of dynamic phase directed against asymmetric traffic flow at signalized intersection is established with the aim of maximum comprehensive traffic benefit. Finally, the influence of asymmetry coefficient and its threshold value and the proportion of asymmetric signal cycle on signal control benefit of intersection are analyzed, and the intersection of Hongqi Street and Huaihe Road in Harbin is taken as an example. VISSIM simulation shows that the average delay, queue length and stop rate decrease more than 27.8% after the application of dynamic phase optimization method, which verify the validity of the method. The dynamic phase optimization method can reduce the waiting time of straight traffic flow and avoid the space-time resource wasting at part of intersection approach direction, which is beneficial to the capacity promotion of signalized intersection.

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    Multi-AGV Parking Path Planning Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
    GUO Bao-qing, HAO Shu-yun, ZHU Li-qiang, YU Zu-jun
    2018, 18(6): 55-62. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4707KB) ( )  

    For automated guided vehicle (AGV) path planning in smart parking garages, a multi-AGV path planning method based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. For single AGV, fallback strategy is introduced to the basic ant colony algorithm to enhance the adaptability. And a new heuristic information and novel pheromone update strategies are also presented to improve the convergence speed and optimization ability. To solve the opposite conflict of multi-AGV, an improved conflict resolution strategy of temporary avoidance and path re-planning is proposed. The simulation results for a typical real underground parking garage show that the improved ant colony algorithm has higher rate of successful path finding, stronger global search capability and faster convergence speed. Our algorithm can solve multi-AGV conflicts and satisfy multi-AGV path planning requirements.

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    Urban Traffic Flow Data Recovery Method Based on Generative Adversarial Network
    WANG Li, LI Min, YAN Jia-qing, ZHANG Ling-yu, PAN Ke, LI Zheng-xi
    2018, 18(6): 63-71. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4783KB) ( )  

    The completeness of traffic information has a direct influence on urban traffic management efficiency. Aiming at the problem of missing detection data in urban road traffic caused by incomplete coverage of road detectors or equipment damage, this paper proposes a method of traffic flow data completion based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) algorithm. Firstly, the traffic flow data of the links are processed graphically to generate the two-dimensional information map of network. Secondly, the road network association matrix which considered the temporal and spatial information compensation is calculated. The GAN algorithm is used to analyze and archive the completion and reconstruction the missing part of information map, and then the traffic flow complete data of the link is obtained. Finally, the proposed method is compared and analyzed with Kalman filtering method of phase space reconstruction. And the results show that the proposed method in this paper is effective.

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    Modeling and Simulation for the Traffic Flow of Mixed Driving of Ordinary Vehicles and Automatic Driving Trucks on Double Lanes
    MA Xin-lu, HU Yue-hao, YANG Qing-ye
    2018, 18(6): 72-80. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (5874KB) ( )  

    As a part of future traffic, automatic truck queue is considered as one of earliest automatic driving scenes. To deeply probe into the possible characteristics and causes of mixed traffic system composed of ordinary vehicles and automatic driving trucks, this paper respectively establishes cellular automation (CA) models suitable for describing the driving behavior, and adopts the method of numerical simulation to explore the evolution process of traffic flow state. Research finding that the participation of automatic driving trucks is “a double-edged sword” under the environment of double lane. Little impact is exerted on ordinary vehicles when traffic flow shows low density and automatic driving trucks take up a small proportion; ordinary vehicles face harsh lane changing conditions when traffic flow shows high density and automatic driving trucks take up a high proportion, which leads to low lane changing frequency and failure to obtain a higher speed, thus affecting the traffic efficiency of the whole road system.

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    Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
    Workload Equitability-based Optimum Modeling for Metro Crew Rostering
    CHEN Shao-kuan, MA Zhuo-ran, PENG Xiao-bo, JIN Hua, WANG Zhi-mei
    2018, 18(6): 81-87. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3580KB) ( )  

    Metro crew rostering is an important part of transportation organization, which has a significant impact on improving the operational level and reducing operating costs. To balance the work intensity of crews, a twostage model for crew rostering is developed considering the cycle period of rostering unit. The developed model does not distinguish the same type of crew shifts during the first stage called the partition stage and then achieve the results of crew shifts during the second stage called the allocation stage. A hybrid intelligent algorithm combining particle swarm optimization with a simulated evolution algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model. A case study of Beijing metro line is carried out to validate the proposed model and its solution algorithm. The results show that the two-stage optimum model can effectively improve the balance of crew workload.

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    Optimization of Suburban Train Operation Plan in Mixed Arrival Mode
    DU Peng, YANG Yong-bin
    2018, 18(6): 88-94. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3606KB) ( )  

    In view of the location of suburban railway that service for long-distance commuter passengers and the uneven distribution of passenger flow arrival, it is proposed to carry out various stop mode trains in the suburban railway by means of bus- based operation mode. According to the arrival distribution, the suburban passenger flow is divided into two parts: uniform arrival and uneven arrival. And the additional cost of the enterprise caused by the diversification of stops is considered. The optimization model of suburban train operation plan is established based on the minimum travel time and minimum operating cost. According to the characteristics of passenger flow in suburban railways, this paper analyzes the dynamic influence relationship between train operation plan and passenger selection, and gives the mixed passenger flow allocation method in multi-stop and bus-based operation mode of suburban trains. On this basis, a genetic algorithm is designed. The example analysis shows that compared with the uniform arrival mode, the operation plan given by this model can effectively reduce the travel time and operation cost, and has better operation benefits.

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    Value of Access Travel Time for Railway Departure Passengers Based on Variation Structure Models
    ZHU Hai, LUO Xia, CHEN Xin, LIU Yong-hong
    2018, 18(6): 95-101. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3766KB) ( )  

    Value of travel time (VOT) is one of the fundamental parameters in regional integration transportation research. However, little attentions have been paid on railway access VOTs in literatures, and the comparisons on the VOTs derived from variation structure models have not been studied adequately. This paper focuses on the above mentioned questions based on the SP access mode choice survey data dedicated to Chengdu East Railway Station. Variation structure models such as MNL, ML, LCL and Hybrid are established, and the individual and overall sampled results of waiting time values and in-vehicle time values that are derived from above mentioned variation structure models are compared. The results indicate that: model structure has great effects on the outputs of travel time values; the one-sided triangular distribution based ML model seems to perform better than other ML models; while Hybrid model performs best in the goodness of model fit, it shows extreme skewness in individual waiting time values, which brings difficulties in its statistical descriptions. As there has no scope for selection of VOT values, an intuitively plausible way is to use the average value derived from variation structure models.

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    Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram Estimation Fusion Method of Road Networks Based on Adaptive Weighted Average
    LIN Xiao-hui, XU Jian-min
    2018, 18(6): 102-109. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4987KB) ( )  

    The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) of road networks can be based on loop detector data and floating car data estimation methods. However, few studies have combined these methods. In view of this research gap, this paper uses the traffic parameters estimated from the 100% network car data of the Internet of Vehicles as the test data, and two adaptive weighted average (AWA) data fusion models are established by introducing the dynamic error to fuse the weighted traffic flow and weighted traffic density of the road network obtained by two estimation methods to estimate the road networks’ MFD accurately. The validity of this model is verified with the core road network in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou as the research area. Through Vissim traffic simulation modelling and analysis, the mean absolute percent error of MFD parameters of the road networks and the state ratio and the difference value of road networks’MFD are compared. The results show that after AWA data fusion, the mean absolute percent error of MFD parameters and the difference value of the road networks’ MFD are the smallest, which is closest to the standard road networks’ MFD.

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    Nested Logit Model on Travel Mode Choice under Boundebly Rational View
    ZHANG Xin-jie, GUAN Hong-zhi, ZHAO Lei, BIAN Fang
    2018, 18(6): 110-116. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3875KB) ( )  

    Based on the classical nested Logit model, this paper develops the multi-modal boundedly rational nested Logit (BRNL) model by relaxing the assumption of perfect rationality of travelers under satisficing rule, which is used to describe travelers’mode choice behavior. Travelers are assumed to choose travel mode randomly or in accordance with the habit preference when the cost difference between travel modes is within the indifference band. On the contrary, travelers will choose the travel mode with the least travel cost. In addition, a nested method of successive average is proposed to solve the model. Finally, the rationality of the model and effectiveness of the algorithm are proved by using a numerical example. The results indicate that travelers don’t always choose the travel mode with the least travel cost. Travelers’ mode choice behavior is impacted by the rational degree and preference. Moreover, the lower rational degree implies that travelers become less sensitive to the cost difference between modes.

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    Transit Assignment with Travel Strategy and Travel Time Uncertainties
    LIU Wu-sheng, HE Jian, LI Tian-tian, SHEN Lan-lan
    2018, 18(6): 117-124. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3757KB) ( )  

    Using the GIS data of the bus line of Hangzhou City and the GPS data of the vehicle, the bus arrival time is divided into station stop time and station travel time, the distribution probability of the total running time between bus stations is obtained. Through the actual bus network structure, this paper defines the effective path of the extended bus network. Considering the combined frequency of bus lines and the generalized cost based on the passenger route, a transit assignment model is established with uncertainty in travel strategy and travel time. In addition, the bus route departure schedule is introduced into the user balance model. The MSA algorithm based on the shortest path of the extended network is designed. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by the peak hour passenger flow distribution results between two traffic communities.

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    Impact of Bonded Rationality Users’ Risk Attitude on Network Efficiency
    WEI Qing-qi, XIAO Wei
    2018, 18(6): 125-132. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4466KB) ( )  

    This paper develops two models to evaluate the effects of users’ risk attitude on the assignment and system efficiency of user equilibrium with both stochastic degradation network and bonded rationality users: one is a user equilibrium model based on cumulative perceived value (CPV_UE) and stochastic degradation network, and another is a system efficiency analysis model. Then, we prove the existence of the solution, and design a nested heuristic algorithm to resolve the model. The potential sources of uncertainty of CPV_UE model are defined, analyzed and classified into two groups: those that are from the objective external world (stochastic degradation network) and those that are from the individual subjective (cumulative perceived value based on double reference points). In the end, a numerical example based on the Nguyen & Dupuis network is conducted to analyze the effect of risk attitude on the assignment and system efficiency of CPV_UE equilibrium. This paper shows that risk-averse users gained lower CPV and assigned more diffuse than risk- seeking users in CPV_UE equilibrium. Moreover, parameters of both the CPV_UE Equilibrium and the System Optimum Equilibrium are compared: even though the CPV_UE system travel time expectation is longer, but its standard deviations is smaller, which means that the travel time of CPV_UE is more reliable.

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    Network System Optimal Considering Vehicular Emission Exposure
    TAN Yu, YAN Yu-song, SUN Zhan-bo, HU Zuo-an, YAO Zhi-hong
    2018, 18(6): 133-139. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3835KB) ( )  

    In order to mitigate the impact of vehicular emission on travelers and apply a new method to manage urban traffic for the traffic planning and management department, this paper focuses on travelers and applies the Gaussian dispersion model to establish a new network system optimization model which considering vehicular emission exposure. The new model is solved using Matlab and MINOS. Per the specific network setting, we find that the new model can effectively reduce the vehicular emission exposure (-41.13%) by sacrificing small part of travel time (+10.45%). And system travel time and vehicular emission exposure exist Pareto optimal, so the policy maker should trade-off between two conflicting objectives to alleviate the vehicular emission exposure and congestion.

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    Road Pricing of Traffic Congestion and Emission for Multi-class Users
    XI Hao-ning, ZHANG Yi, HE Liu, ZHANG Yi
    2018, 18(6): 140-147. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4505KB) ( )  

    Researches showed that it was difficult to achieve objectives of reducing congestion and emission simultaneously. Road congestion pricing can manage the traffic demand efficiently, and thus reduce congestion, but it may not decrease vehicular emissions. The objectives of this study are multi-class users: users with different value of time (multi-VOT users) and users with different vehicle types (multi-vehicle users). By establishing the biobjective optimization model considering congestion and emissions simultaneously, it is proved that the Paretoefficient link flow can be decentralized as multi-class user equilibrium flow pattern by an effective road pricing scheme, whatever time cost criterion or monetary cost is used to choose the route, and thus the congestion and emissions can be reduced simultaneously.

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    Modelling and Simulating of Traffic Flow Considering the Cognitive Differences
    ZHAI Cong, WU Wei-tiao, LIU Wei-ming, HUANG Ling
    2018, 18(6): 148-156. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4643KB) ( )  

    The advancement of vehicle infrastructure integration technology could provide the drivers with the current and short-term forecasted traffic state. Considering the current and forecasted traffic density provided by such environment, and the heterogeneous traffic information recognition among the driver group, we develop a new class of kinetics model. The linear stability condition of the model is obtained by applying the linear stability theory. We investigate the impact of model parameters on the performance of the model. Results show that the forecasted time of traffic state, the memory time of traffic information, the weight of optimal current change of memory, and the memory time differences have considerable influence on the stability of traffic flow. The stability of traffic flow can be strengthened by increasing the forecasted time, the memory step-size of optimal current changes, the weight of current change of memory, and the cognitive intensity. However, when the cognitive differences of traffic information are higher, the traffic flow stability would be reduced.

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    Left Turn Forbiddance Model Considering Capacity Matching Between Upstream and Downstream Intersections along Arterial Road
    WU Wei, LIU Yang, MA Wan-jing, LONG Ke-jun
    2018, 18(6): 157-163. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3787KB) ( )  

    Most of the existing researches on left turn forbiddance merely focus on transportation design at a single intersection such as U-turn, continuous flow intersection design and so on to solve left turn detour problem. However, from multi-intersections angle, where to prohibit left turn is rarely studied. In this paper, left turn forbiddance model on multi-intersections along arterial road is proposed. Two objectives, capacity maximization and the capacity matching along arterial road, are investigated. The best locations to prohibit left turn along arterial road, the cycle length and the green time ratio are proposed as the decision variable. Constraints including left turn detour distance, traffic flow conservation, green light duration, degree of saturation, cycle length and so on are considered. This problem has been formulated to a mixed integer linear model and the branch-and-bound method is employed to solve the model. Wei-er Road located in Jinan city is employed as an example for numerical analysis. The results clearly indicate that, compared with the field model and Synchro-based model, the proposed model can effectively reduce the average vehicle delay, improve the overall capacity, reduce the queue length, and make traffic flow well-distributed along arterial road.

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    Optimize Signal Timings for Oversaturated Intersections Connected with Urban Freeway Off-ramp
    ZHANG Nan, YANG Xiao-guang
    2018, 18(6): 164-171. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4303KB) ( )  

    During the rush hours, due to the limited traffic capacity, the oversaturated traffic flow at the downstream of off-ramp often propagates traffic queue to spillover back to the mainline of freeway leading to more serious congestion. To prevent this problem in this paper, setting the control signals at the off-ramp and the connected surface intersections, a bi-level programming (BLP) model is proposed to optimize the control signal timings in this area. The lower level of BLP optimizes the signal times of each independent intersections as the basic control plan. The upper level of BLP is aimed at optimal control strategy for all intersections of the area with considering the capacity constraint of the surface roads. Finally, choosing the Urumqi East Race freeway off-ramp as an example, the optimized results of the BLP model are verified and analyzed combined with Vissim simulation. The results indicate that, for the problems raised in this paper, the signal plan optimized by the proposed BLP model can effectively prevent the off-ramp queuing spill over which is leading mainline congestion. It can be more significant improving the system performance than the conventional nonlinear model, which is an improvement to the conventional optimization method.

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    Illegal Crossing Behavior of Non-motorized Based on Propagation Model
    MA Shu-hong, LIU Chuan-qi, TANG Da-chuan, YIN Xing-xing
    2018, 18(6): 172-177. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3277KB) ( )  

    In order to study non-motorized illegal crossing behavior at signalized intersections, seven signal intersections in Xi'an were selected, and the data were captured by video capture. The concepts and metrics of complex networks are used to analyze the structural characteristics and evolution rules of non-motorized network. The non-motorized network at the intersection is established. Based on the basic idea of SI model, the propagation model of non-motorized crossing behavior is put forward. And through python program simulation analysis, the trend of non-motorized illegal crossings are obtained in different network structures and different spreading rates. The results show that: as the waiting time increases, more cyclists will join in the violation crossing once a cyclist crosses on red firstly; electric bicycles have higher in-degree and out-degree than bicycles; and non-motorized violations increase as the spreading rate and the non-motorized traffic increase.

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    Optimization Design Method of Left-turn Bicycles Crossing for Continuous Flow Intersections
    ZHAO Jing, XU Hai-jun, GAO Xing, WANG Tao
    2018, 18(6): 178-186. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (5310KB) ( )  

    To improve the capacity of the continuous flow intersections and eliminate the conflict between leftturn bicycles and through vehicles at the main signal, an optimization design method for left- turn bicycles is proposed. A linear programming model is established to achieve the maximum capacity of vehicles with the consideration of many constraints, such as phase plan, cycle length, green time, and so on. The optimization effects for this design are validated by a case study and sensitivity analyses. The results show that intersection capacity can be prominently improved using the design method for left-turn bicycles, under the condition of relatively large saturation, which makes the over-saturated intersections to be under-saturated. Moreover, it is helpful to reduce the intersection delay at the low or high flow levels. Further discovered, on average, 4.5% increase in the improvement of capacity can be obtained by 100 left-turn bicycles per hour increase or 1.5% through vehicle percentage increase (when the percentage of through vehicles is more than 40%).

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    SD Model of Risk Evolution for Airport Surface Traffic Conflict
    XIAO Qin, LUO Fan
    2018, 18(6): 187-193. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (5063KB) ( )  

    To study the evolution process of airport surface traffic conflict risk, the causal relationship of airport surface conflict risk factors are analyzed based on the analysis of risk factors. The system dynamics (SD) model, including four subsystems: human risk, equipment risk, environment risk, management risk, of traffic conflict risk evolution in the airport surface is built. Risk warning level and threshold are determined by using the expert consultation method. Evolutionary rules of surface traffic conflict risks are revealed by simulating strategies under different scenarios. The simulation results show that warning condition of surface conflict risk, human risk and management risk decease in the baseline scenario are severe, and the warning condition of equipment risk and environment risk are not serious; perfecting the surface supervision mechanism, constructing airport safety culture, standardizing career development channels for employees, and introducing new equipment and facilities can effectively relieve various risks. The research results have important reference value for the airport to prevent the conflict risk and improve the safety management level.

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    The Development and Current Status of Railway Container Intermodal Transport in China
    XU Qi, HO Tin-kin, MAO Bao-hua
    2018, 18(6): 194-200. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4229KB) ( )  

    Container intermodal transport is one of important forms of freight transport. Based on the analysis of railway container intermodal transport and its infrastructure construction, this paper gives the weak points of railway container intermodal transport in terms of transport price, time, organizations and infrastructures, and the corresponding contributing factors. Four strategies are then proposed to enhance the joint freight transport of railway with ports, including the renewal of idea of intermodal transport, improving freight transport market mechanism, the reform of railway transport pricing and the adjustment of railway organization and management among its inner systems. Finally, five operational countermeasures are presented to prompt railway container intermodal transport in China, which cover emphasizing the railway freight transport fields, building wider cooperative policies with other logistics enterprises, optimizing container transport process, adopting more flexible pricing for intermodal transport market, and making logistics-compatible system for railway freight transport.

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    Impact of Subsidy Policy on the Competitiveness of Container Rail-road Intermodal Transport
    TANG Ji-meng,LI Jian,YANG Bo
    2018, 18(6): 201-208. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4962KB) ( )  

    A series of policies are put forward to promote the development of Rail-road Intermodal Transport (RRIT), because of its advantages of large transport capacity, low cost and environmental friendliness. We analyze the interaction mechanism between government, railway company and shippers under the subsidy policy, and then build a bi-level programming model. The upper model describes that the railway company decides the block train operational schemes, and the lower model represents shippers’choice behavior under government subsidies. Considering that the railway arc has the characteristics of “Periodic Connectivity” and “Asynchronous Change of Travel Speed” in the RRIT physical network, we represent these characteristics by means of network expansion and the segmented impedance function. Based on the structure of the bi-level programming model in this paper, a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the upper model, and the method of successive averages is used to solve the SUE model in the lower model. The research conclusions show that the increase of the subsidy have a significant effect on promoting the competitiveness of RRIT in the first phase(0.00~0.14 RMB/(t⋅km)), while the effect is little when the subsidy exceeds 0.14 RMB/(t⋅km). This conclusions is different from the existing research, and we further explain the reasons why they are different.

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    Pricing Strategy of Container Rail-road Intermodal Transport Based on Game Theory
    ZHANG Tong, MAO Bao-hua, ZENG Wei, MA Cun-rui, ZHANG Si-jia
    2018, 18(6): 209-214. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3773KB) ( )  

    Container rail-road intermodal transport is one of the most important ways to extend toward inland for sea-rail intermodal transport. On the analysis of the container transport procedure of truck-only transport and RRIT respectively, we analyze the key factors that affect the choice behavior of the shipper. Then, the generalized cost function of truck-only transport and RRIT is constructed. Based on the theory of random utility maximization, the transportation choice model for shippers is established. On the analysis of the proceeds of the carriers, we build the pricing game model for truck- only transport and container rail-road intermodal transport. The result shows that under the condition that the railway freight rates are not changed, the truck-only transport carrier can increase the freight rate and the logistics enterprise for short distance transport can reduce the transportation cost of the connection transport appropriately. With the development of container rail-road intermodal transport, the competition among logistics enterprises becomes fiercer. Under that condition, the railway enterprise can maximize the profits by setting the optimal pricing strategy.

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    Integrated Scheduling of Rail-water Containers Handling Operations in Intermodal Terminals Considering Energy-efficiency
    YANG Yi-jia, ZHU Xiao-ning, YAN Bai-cheng, YAO Yu
    2018, 18(6): 215-221.  DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2018.06.030
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1898KB) ( )  

    With the increase of container throughput in intermodal terminals and the increased pressure on energysaving, the trade-off between operational efficiency and energy consumption by handling equipment need to be concerned. This paper addresses the handling scheduling problem of rail- water inbound containers, in order to improve the energy efficiency in intermodal terminals. Based on the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSS), a bi-objective integrated optimization model is proposed to minimize the total operation time and energy consumption in a three-stage handling operation among quay cranes (QCs), internal trucks (ITs) and reach stackers (RSs). A hybrid optimization algorithm that integrates the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Computational experiments are conducted to test the effectiveness of the model and the developed method. The result shows that the integrated scheduling optimization solution can be obtained while considering energy-efficiency.

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    Transport Plan Design for Rail-truck Intermodal Transportation
    JIANG Yang, ZHANG Xing-chen
    2018, 18(6): 222-228. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3533KB) ( )  

    We propose an optimization framework for routing rail-truck intermodal shipments when shippers and receivers have access to alternate intermodal terminals. The objective is aiming to minimize the total transport cost and infrastructure improvement cost from the perspective. The decisions include hub capacity improvement, main line transport services designing, the access to alternate intermodal terminals and segments reconstruction. Our analysis indicates that route-selection is driven by customer specified delivery-times. Reduction is possible by using faster trains and negotiating a later delivery-time so that advantageous paths can be taken through. Meanwhile, identification of major intermodal gateways in each region and the high- traffic rail-links in the network can facilitate the improvement of infrastructure system.

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    Pricing Game Model of Competitive Port Integrating Highway Transportation Service
    WANG Wen-yuan, WANG Sheng-hua, PENG Yun, XU Xing-lu
    2018, 18(6): 229-235. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3748KB) ( )  

    In order to study the impact of port differentiation strategy proposing in network nodes, a port pricing bi-level optimization game model is built based on the multinomial Logit (MNL) model and game theory, and a numerical algorithm is developed to solve the Nash equilibrium. With a numerical example, the market share change, optimal pricing and service routing strategies as well as the influence of user preference factor on equilibrium price are studied. The results indicate that: the new service promotes the freedom of company strategies and profit level; the pure pricing strategy has a limit to earn the market competiveness, and it’s more passive in the market. In this example, it is pointed that when users are more interested in the price factor, the pricing strategies is more effective. However, pricing strategy has limited range. Company cannot fully dominants the market by pure pricing strategy while with new service, company can gain the advantage from the competition and make a higher profit.

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    Construction of Intermodality Streamline Network Matching Based on the “Carrier Broker”
    HE Zheng-gang, YANG Xiao-lei, JIA Yan-li
    2018, 18(6): 236-242. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3693KB) ( )  

    Based on the “carrier broker” platform, this paper considers the process of building the entire intermodality network after the platform matches the vehicles and goods. A new platform operation mode of “carrier broker+intermodality” is presented, and the business process and cargo transportation process under the new model are explored. On this basis, by combining the logistics streamline network theory and the bilateral matching theory, the streamline network of “carrier broker + intermodality” and the matching function between each level in the intermodal transport process are constructed. The matching model of the whole streamline network is established by combining the vehicle-cargo matching function and the intermodal matching function. Then combined with examples, the model is solved, and the effectiveness of the matching model for the organization and selection of the intermodality scheme of the “carrier broker” platform is verified, and the advantages of the new model in increasing the platform business scope are analyzed.

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    Multimodal Transportation Route Planning under Low Carbon Emissions Background
    LIU Jie, PENG Qi-yuan, YIN Yong
    2018, 18(6): 243-249. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4686KB) ( )  

    Low-carbon transportation is the focus of attention of countries around the world. The multimodal transportation is a major form of transport organization. However, there is a little literature aims at researching multimodal transportation' s carbon emissions at home and abroad. The paper proposes a multi-objective 0-1 programming model for minimizing the total transportation cost and minimizing the total amount of transportation carbon emissions. The transportation cost on the arcs, reloading cost at the transport node, the storage cost at railway station and in the port, the matching relationship between the transport arcs and the agents are all considered when constructing the total transportation cost. the total multimodal transportation' s carbon emissions consists of carbon emissions from transport processes and reloading processes. An improved elitist strategy nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to solve the model. The algorithm can save the outstanding individuals and reduce the computational complexity effectively. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.

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    Selection Model of Express Freight with the Consideration of Carbon Emission
    ZHONG Xiao, ZHANG Yu-zhao, REN Bin
    2018, 18(6): 250-256. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3621KB) ( )  

    Considering comprehensively constraints of total carbon emissions per unit and the uncertainty of unit freight, this paper aims to probe into the mode selection of express freight transportation based on the background of “low- carbon transportation”. First of all, by introducing the triangular fuzzy number, the cooperative optimization model of express freight transportation is established, taking the minimum total cost of express freight as the optimization goal, and taking the time and total carbon emission of unit goods as the constraints. Then applying Yalmip toolbox in Matlab to achieve the model solution and taking Lanzhou to Beijing as the background design example. Finally, by adjusting the total carbon emission of unit goods and time constraints, the effects of them have had on express freight mode selection and cost are compared and analyzed. The research results indicate that, under the condition of meeting transit period of freight, reasonable selection of transportation mode is of great significance for the control of carbon emissions.

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