交通运输系统工程与信息

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 224-231.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.03.020

• 系统工程理论与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同疏散动机下狭窄过道区域单列人员运动特性研究

黄榕1a，谢紫萱1b，王天桐1b，许慧嘉1b，陈洋2，赵轩*1a   

  1. 1. 长安大学，a.汽车学院，b.长安都柏林国际交通学院，西安710064；2.香港大学，土木工程系，香港999077
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-03 修回日期:2025-03-20 接受日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-06-21
  • 作者简介:黄榕(1995—)，男，广东云浮人，讲师，博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20241449)；中央高校基础研究培育项目(300102224102)。

Single-file Movement Characteristics of the Crowd in the Narrow Aisle Area Under Different Motivation Levels

HUANG Rong1a, XIE Zixuan1b, WANG Tiantong1b, XU Huijia1b, CHEN Yang2, ZHAO Xuan*1a   

  1. 1a. School of Automobile, 1b. Chang'an Dublin International College of Transportation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; 2. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • Received:2025-02-03 Revised:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-03-28 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-06-21
  • Supported by:
    The Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241449)；The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (300102224102)。

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摘要： 狭窄过道区域是客车等交通场景突发事故下人员疏散的关键瓶颈，然而，不同疏散动机下该场景单列人员运动行为特性尚不明晰，且鲜见相关研究。本文设计并开展低和高疏散动机下狭窄过道区域单列人员疏散运动可控实验，获取运动轨迹、瞬时速度、疏散时间等宏微观行为特性参数，构建速度-密度以及前向距离-速度关系图，系统量化分析疏散动机对微观运动行为和宏观疏散效率的影响并探析潜在作用机理。实验结果表明：狭窄过道区域单列人员疏散运动呈自由、拥塞和恢复三阶段特征；高疏散动机对个体运动速度具有促进作用，但对疏散效率具有双重影响，其临界人员密度为1.05m-1，当密度大于1.65m-1时，作用变得不明显；前向距离-速度关系呈强受限、弱受限和自由三阶段特征，高疏散动机条件下强受限与弱受限阶段的临界前向距离显著更小，且强受限阶段人员运动速度对前向距离的变化更敏感。本文研究成果有助于厘清不同疏散动机下人员疏散行为特性差异，为相关法规和疏散管控策略制定和设施安全设计提供参考。

关键词: 交通工程, 疏散动机, 疏散实验, 狭窄过道, 单列人员, 运动特性

Abstract: The narrow aisle area is a critical bottleneck for occupant evacuation from transportation scenarios such as buses in case of emergencies. However, in such a scenario, the single-file movement characteristics of the crowd under different motivation levels are still unclear yet, with limited research available in literature. To address this gap, well-controlled single-file pedestrian evacuation movement experiments in the narrow aisle area under low and high levels of motivation are designed and conducted. Macroscopic and microscopic metrics such as movement trajectories, instantaneous velocities and evacuation times are collected, and the velocity-density and headway-velocity relationships are constructed. Then, systematic and quantitative analyses are performed to explore the effect of the motivation level on the microscopic movement behaviour and the macroscopic evacuation efficiency, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The experimental results show that the single-file pedestrian evacuation movement conforms to a three-stage pattern, i.e., free, congested and recovery stages. Higher level of motivation increases the individual movement velocity, but has a two-sided effect on the evacuation efficiency with a critical density of 1.05 m-1, and its effect vanishes when the density exceeds 1.65 m-1. Three regimes, i.e., strongly constrained, weakly constrained and free regimes, are distinguished in the headway-velocity relation. Moreover, it is found that under high motivation, a lower headway threshold exists between the strongly and weakly constrained regimes, and the movement velocity becomes more sensitive to the change of headway in the strongly constrained regime. These findings are helpful to enhance the understanding of the crowd evacuation movement characteristics under different degrees of motivation, and provide valuable references for the development of related regulations and evacuation management strategies, and safety design of relevant facilities.

Key words: traffic engineering, evacuation motivation, evacuation experiment, narrow aisle, single-file pedestrian, movement characteristic

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