交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2020, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 190-197.

• 系统工程理论与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

步行设施内疏散行人拥挤踩踏仿真研究

岳昊*,刘秋梅,武鑫森   

  1. 北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-20 修回日期:2020-04-20 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-06-28
  • 作者简介:岳昊(1975-),男,山西平遥人,副教授,博士.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金/National Natural Science Foundation of China(71771013,71621001);国家重点研发计划/National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFF0301403).

Simulation of Crowding and Stampede on Evacuation Pedestrians in Pedestrian Facilities

YUE Hao, LIU Qiu-mei, WU Xin-sen   

  1. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2020-01-20 Revised:2020-04-20 Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-06-28

摘要:

建立基于元胞自动机与相互作用力的拥挤行人流仿真模型,研究步行设施内疏散行人流拥挤踩踏现象. 通过单个行人占据多个元胞空间,定义行人刚体部分与弹性部分,实现行人弹性化处理;以行人间拥挤力、摩擦力等相互作用力,描述疏散行人间的相互影响. 模拟再现行人疏散过程中的移动阻滞、相互挤压,以及连续踩踏等现象. 仿真结果表明:通过提高行人吸收系数和抗踩踏系数,能有效控制行人挤伤次数和踩踏行人数量;疏散出口附近区域是拥挤力累积顶区,极易发生踩踏现象,且踩踏现象具有滞后性.

关键词: 城市交通, 拥挤踩踏, 元胞自动机, 行人疏散, 拥挤力

Abstract:

In this paper, a crowded pedestrian flow simulation model based on cellular automata and interaction forces is proposed to study the crowding and stampede. The model uses a single pedestrian to occupy multiple cell spaces and defines the rigid and elastic parts of a pedestrian to achieve the flexibility of pedestrians. And, the model describes interaction forces such as push- force and friction to describe the interaction between evacuated pedestrians. The simulation reproduces the phenomena of movement block, mutual extrusion, and continuous stampede. The simulation results indicate that, by increasing the pedestrian absorption coefficient and antistampede coefficient, the number of pedestrian injuries can be effectively controlled. The push-force accumulates to the top near the exits, where it may lead to stampede; and the stampede is lagging.

Key words: urban traffic, stampede, cellular automata, pedestrian evacuation, push-force

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