地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2016, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 228-234.

地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究

李涛^1a,1b,1c，陈娟²，马剑*^1a，1b，卢兆明²

1. 西南交通大学a. 交通运输与物流学院；b. 综合交通智能化国家地方联合工程实验室；c. 地球科学与环境工程学院，成都610031；2. 香港城市大学建筑与土木工程系，香港九龙

收稿日期:2015-11-26 修回日期:2016-03-25 出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2016-06-27
作者简介:李涛（1983-），男，陕西西安人，博士生.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金/National Natural Science Foundation of China（71473207, 51178445, 71103148）；中央高校基本科研业务费科技创新项目/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities（2682014CX103）.

Experimental Study of Passenger Evacuation Efficiency in a Metro Station

LI Tao^1a,1b,1c，CHEN Juan², MAJian^1a,1b，LO Siu-ming²

1a. School of Transportation & Logistics; 1b. National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation; 1c. School of Faculty of Geosciences & Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2. Department of Architectural and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China

Received:2015-11-26 Revised:2016-03-25 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-06-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国地铁建设和运营里程迅速增加，吸引了大量的客流，缓解了路面交通压力，但同时也给突发事件下的人员疏散带来隐患.地铁车站旅客疏散不同于一般建筑疏散，其在自底向上的疏散过程中受到一系列瓶颈约束，目前尚缺乏相关实验研究.本文设计并开展了地铁车站旅客疏散实验，在相同疏散条件和环境下，比较了垂向疏散连接步梯和扶梯用于疏散的通行效率，以及平面疏散瓶颈转轴式闸机及双开门扉式闸机用于疏散时的通行效率，并对结果可靠性及其差异性原因进行分析.结果表明：在相同疏散条件和环境下，相比步梯而言，自动扶梯具有更好的疏散效率；三杆式闸机可提供高于规范值的通过能力，双开门通过能力更稳定.研究结果不仅为大型地铁车站旅客疏散研究提供基础数据，并对突发事件下疏散方案制定提供有益的借鉴.

关键词: 城市交通, 通行效率, 疏散实验, 地铁疏散

Abstract:

The rapid development of metro system has attracted a large amount of passengers, which makes the ground road network much less congested. However, how to safely evacuate these passengers in the metro system in case of emergency becomes more and more urgent to be solved. The evacuation process of metro station is special because the evacuation is towards upward direction, which is different in normal buildings where people move downward to complete their evacuation. There still lacks studies on this kind of evacuation. Thus this paper in the present study designs and performs a real passenger participated metro station evacuation. Based on the experiment, the emergency evacuation efficiency of escalator and stair in the subway station, as well as the performance of turnstiles and gate- door passengers control devices in the station are extracted and analyzed, data including the average evacuation number of passengers and evacuation time, the flow rates are discussed and compared. Results indicate that escalator performs better than stairs when used in evacuation; the capacity of turnstiles can be larger than regulation values and evacuation gate-door performance is much stable. The research of this paper not only provides basic experimental data for the study of large scale metro passenger evacuation, but also provides a useful reference for the development of the underground emergency evacuation plan.

Key words: urban traffic, evacuation efficiency, evacuation drills, subway evacuation

中图分类号:

TP391.9

李涛，陈娟，马剑，卢兆明. 地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2016, 16(3): 228-234.

LI Tao，CHEN Juan, MAJian，LO Siu-ming. Experimental Study of Passenger Evacuation Efficiency in a Metro Station[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2016, 16(3): 228-234.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2016/V16/I3/228

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