Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

China’s Transportation Strategy during the 12th Five-Year Plan

ZHANG Guo-wu

2009, 9(5): 1-10 .

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The sixteenth conference of “Transport 7+1 Forum” focuses on China’s transportation strategy during the 12th Five-Year Plan. Based on a review of both achievements and existing problems in the past five-year, it systematically analyzes several important concerns for transport development in the coming five-year, such as international and domestic economic situations, determination of strategic goals, and key issues of transport construction. During the conference, the leading policy formulation of transportation planning and management system reform of transportation organization are discussed, especially for the planning of railway, highway, waterway, and air transportation. Some suggestions for building integrated transportation system are also proposed.

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Competitiveness and Marketing Strategy of Road Passenger Transport Based Express

YANG Zhong-zhe, ZOU Wen-qian

2009, 9(5): 11-16 .

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The business of road passenger transport based (RPTB) express has become a key sub-business of road passenger transport companies. However, the low office density and bad security limit its further development. To find the problems, understand the preferences of the clients on the RPTB expresses, and strengthen its competitiveness, questionnaire survey is first implemented on the clients, and their valuating degrees on the factors of the expresses are analyzed. Then, model for the choice behaviors analysis of the clients is constructed, and choice behaviors and sensitivities of the clients on the office density of the RPTB express are analyzed. In the last section, suggestion of integrating the resources of RPTB express liners and start/end stops of urban bus lines is provided, which may enlarge the market share of the RPTB express.

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Emergency Safeguard and Key Technologies of Sudden Incident in Road Hazardous Freight Transportation

XI En-chong, XI Jiang-peng,WANG Yu-hui

2009, 9(5): 17-22 .

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Road hazardous freight transportation (RHFT) is a high risk industry in society, thus, its safety operation is the key point of road transportation management. In recent years, there are more and more sudden incident occurred in the process of RHFT, which has caused huge economic loss and several serious social problems. Therefore, it is rather essential to avoid or reduce the influences from sudden incidents. This paper first presents the concept and the characteristics of sudden incident occurred in the process of RHFT. Then, it analyzes the operational mechanism of RHFT and discusses three key teconologies for emergency safeguard. Considering emergency rescue of hazardous goods transportation problems in the Wenchuan Earthquake, the paper analyzes the serious problems existed in the emergency of sudden incidents in RHFT, and then it proposes several policies and measures to properly conduct emergency safeguard for sudden incidents.

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Research of Comprehensive Transportation Demands Periodic Fluctuation Based on Spectrum Theory

ZHOU Huai-hui, SONG Rui, HE Shi-wei

2009, 9(5): 23-27 .

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Studying the periodic fluctuation and the growth of comprehensive transportation demand can provide strong supports for the formulation of macro-transportation policy. Referring to the comprehensive demand data from 1953 to 2006 of China, the paper proposes the indicators of periodic fluctuations on passenger transportation demand, freight transportation demand, and comprehensive transportation demand. The growths of passenger and freight transportation demands are also analyzed by Tukey-Hanning spectrum. The results indicate that a 6–8 year medium periodic fluctuation and a 3-year short periodic fluctuation exit in the development of China’s transportation demand. The fluctuation of comprehensive transportation demand is demonstrated to be obvious.

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Adaptability Analysis of Classical Signal Control Theory Applied in Crowded Traffic Environment

JIANG Xian-cai,SU Xiao-hong

2009, 9(5): 28-33 .

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To solve the problem that the capacity of signal intersection decreased when the classical signal control theory was applied in crowded traffic environment, such as Webster, HCM, and so on. First, the leaving demand of traffic participants at signal intersection was analyzed both in non-crowded and crowded traffic environment. Second, based on the goal to reflect the fair of traffic participants’ rights, the total rights of traffic participants in different traffic environment was deduced using the method of delay triangle at signal intersection, and the relational models between rights of traffic participants and split were developed. The results indicated that classical signal control theory such as Webster considered the fairness of traffic participants’ rights and obtained good effect in non-crowded traffic environment. However, in crowded traffic environment, the signal control program drafted only from traffic volumes met some limitation to solve or relieve the traffic congestion. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other factors caused traffic congestion to improve the existing signal control theory.

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Optimization Programming Model for Optimal Velocity Problems with ATIS and Fuel Consumption

LI Qian,SUN Hui-jun

2009, 9(5): 34-39 .

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With the rapid growth of automobile volume, the shortage of oil and gas resources is becoming increasingly serious. It is worthy to search effective measures to reduce the energy consumption. A bi-level programming model is proposed to describe the optimization programming problem for the optimal velocity with advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and fuel consumption. The upper level programming is to determine optimal vehicle velocity by minimizing the system travel cost and total gas consumption, while the lower one is an equilibrium problem by integrating the elastic demand and stochastic user equilibrium. An equilibrium iterative solution algorithm is also presented. Finally, a simple numerical example is given to illustrate the applications of the model. The results show that, with the decrease of awareness, the number of the drivers equipped with ATIS is increased, while the total cost of the system can be reduced.

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Passive Double Satellites/Doppler Combined Navigation Technology

YANG Yi, LI Rui, LI Juan

2009, 9(5): 40-45 .

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The “BD-1” system usually adopts active positioning method, which possesses some shortages in the system application, such as limited number of user. The restriction of implementing passive positioning is the lack of enough satellites. A passive combination navigation technology called passive double satellites/Doppler combined navigation technology is presented in this paper. The principle of the passive double satellites/Doppler combined navigation orientation is analyzed and designed. A simulation test is conducted to evaluate this combined navigation technology. The result shows that this technology is able to reduce Doppler navigation positioning error, improve navigation accuracy, and implement passive positioning based on “BD-1” system. Finally, the feasibility of this method is analyzed as well as its application prospect.

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Principal Component Analysis Based Fault Detection and Isolation Algorithm for Integrated Vehicle Navigation System

LIU Jiang, CAI Bai-gen, WANG Jian, TANG Tao

2009, 9(5): 46-52 .

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Fault detection and isolation is crucial to support the fault-tolerance of integrated navigation system. Based on the requirements of reliability and safety for vehicle navigation, the characteristics of navigation sensors are analyzed, the structure of integrated navigation system is designed with three data channels, and a fault detection and isolation algorithm is proposed based on principal component analysis for integrated vehicle navigation. In this method, considering the correlation of the navigation data, statistical principal component analysis (PCA) models are developed with historical navigation data under normal conditions, the fault detection is realized by verifying the deviation of new navigation data from the PCA models with control limits of certain statistics. The detection results of different data channels can be used for the dynamical adjusting of efficiency factor in navigation subsystem by prior strategies, and then fault can be isolated efficiently. The simulations results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can realize the fault detection and isolation efficiently with simple implementation.

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Speed Character Study for Motor Vehicle and Bicycle at Non-barrier Section

CHEN Yong-heng, WANG Dian-hai,TAO Zhi-xing

2009, 9(5): 53-57 .

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It is a common phenomenon that bicyclists and motorists share the non-barrier section in urban road of China. Therefore, there exist interactions between these two participants. This research analyzes the speed characters under mixed traffic conditions by a field study in Shijiazhuang City. The difference of bicycles in the same lane is specified by the comparison of average speed, which illustrates the complicated behavior of bicyclist. Based on the idea of time-space conversion, the empirical speed model concerning bicycle flow rate and the side distance between bicycle and motor vehicle is developed using collected field data, which is accepted by F-test. On the basis of study results, it is found that a linear trend exists in the evolvement of motor vehicle speed owing to influence of bicycles.

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Review of the Fuzzy Logic Based Approach in
Traffic Signal Control: Prospects in Saudi Arabia

SYED MASIUR Rahman, NEDAL T. Ratrout

2009, 9(5): 58-70 .

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The first implementation of fuzzy logic controller in the literature appeared in 1977, which shows better performance compared to vehicle actuated controller for a very simplified intersection having two one-way streets based on a simple green time extension principle. After that, further development is taking place by adopting fuzzy logic based traffic signal control for two-way single intersection without turning vehicles, single intersection with all possible movements, multiple intersections, phase sequence and time determination, congested intersection and network, etc. Research in fuzzy logic based traffic signal control is getting inspired by the results which indicate better performance compared to traditional traffic signal controls, specifically during heavy and uneven traffic volume conditions. It can be expected that the fuzzy logic approach will not only contribute in the advancement of adaptive traffic signal control but will also contribute significantly in the future approach of transportation management system (TMS) by improving the performance of the adaptive controller and the overall decision making process of the TMS. However, there are only a few examples of this kind of traffic signal control or TMS in real life. Researchers in rapidly developing countries like Saudi Arabia should investigate the potential of the fuzzy logic based traffic signal control or TMS under the unique local conditions to curb the loss incurred due to congestion.

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Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Expressway Toll Collector Based on Traffic Flow Prediction

ZHANG Huan,SHI Feng

2009, 9(5): 71-76 .

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Based on the excellent characteristics of neural network such as favorable adaptability to incomplete information and of genetic algorithm with relatively strong and comprehensive search ability, these two objectives are combined to predict the short-term traffic flow of expressway. In this paper, the methods of elite’s choices, fitness assignment by proportion and by sort are combined, as well as self-adaptive crossing and mutation probability are used to improve genetic algorithm. To enhance the comprehensive optimal search speed and develop the prediction model for expressway short-term traffic flow, self-adaptive learning rates are introduced to improve BP algorithm and new combing methods are presented to get new species. Meanwhile, queuing theory is adopted to simulate toll process of expressways, and then queuing model of expressways’ toll stations is formulated. By combining short-term traffic flow prediction model and toll station queuing model, the demands of toll collectors are predicted according to the allocation of lanes and toll collectors, which realizes the dynamic optimal equilibrium of toll collectors. The validity of the model is finally testified by field tests.

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Modeling ETC lane Deployment Based on Queuing Theory and Incremental-Benefit-Cost Ratio Maximum

ZHOU Chong-Hua, ZHOU Jiu-Zhou,SU Zhi-Zhe

2009, 9(5): 77-84 .

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In the process of programming, designing, and building of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system, the lane deployment is rather important because it related to the optimum allocation and reasonable utilization of the electronic toll collection source. The paper first analyzes vehicles’ queuing system in ETC station using the queuing theory and estimates the system’s benefit and cost by ratio of incremental-benefit-cost. It develops the ETC lane deployment optimize model to maximize ratio of incremental-benefit-cost, which is verified by an engineering example. The model provides references for ETC system programming and building with a reasonable calculation model about the ETC lane deployment.

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Location Model of Regional Public Logistics Centers Based on Scenario Planning

LI Shuang, DENG Wei, LV Yi-sheng

2009, 9(5): 85-89 .

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Considering the uncertainty of regional public logistics centers (RPLC), the paper presents a bi-level programming model for the optimal location of RPLC based on scenario planning,. The upper-level model determines the optimal location by minimizing the construction and operation cost; the lower-level model is a multi-vehicle-type stochastic user equilibrium model with determined demand. When OD and other variables for every scenario are predicted, corresponding location results can be obtained based on the bi-level programming model, and the location result which can minimize the weighted average cost of all scenarios is chosen as the best solution. A discrete particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level programming model. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate that the model and the discrete particle swarm method is feasible and effective to decrease the RPLC construction and operation cost and the investment risk.

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Location of Road Passenger Transportation Hub Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

HAO He-rui,SHAO Chun-fu, YUE Hao, DUAN Long-mei

2009, 9(5): 90-95 .

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To determine the location of hubs in road passenger transportation plan, a method based on multi-objective optimization is presented in this paper. First, the road passenger transportation network in planning area is simplified as a directed graph and the hub location problem is transformed into 0-1 planning problem. Then the total hubs building cost, passenger network transportation expenses, and trip distance is selected as the optimization objectives, which is subject to the actual conditions of road passenger transportation. Finally, multi-objective genetic algorithm based on the selection after multi-objective value ordering and combining is adopted for model solution, and a computation example of passenger hub location is tested and analyzed.

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Process-Oriented Dynamic Route Choice Model

GAO Feng,WANG Ming-zhe

2009, 9(5): 96-102 .

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The deliberation process is rarely considered in conventional route choice models. In this paper, the decision field theory (DFT) is used as the theoretical basis to develop a framework and to model the process-oriented vehicle dynamic route choice. The interactions of driver psychology, road conditions, and decision-making time are taken into account, and the travel time, distance, as well as the number of intersections are set as the main attributes in the model. In this way, the model is closer to the actual decision-making process. The model simulation results show that incomplete traffic information leads to “certainty effect”, and cannot guide the driver effectively. The driver’s route choice decisions and processes depend on the drivers’ characteristics, uncertainty of road conditions, as well as the time pressure which reduces quality of decision-making and cause “reversal phenomenon”.

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Optimization and Simulation Based Traffic Management for Regional Evacuation

AN Shi, CUI Jian-xun,WANG Jian

2009, 9(5): 103-109 .

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This study aims to explore the regional evacuation of mass vehicles before the predictable natural disasters’ landfall including typhoon, hurricane, and flooding. A two-level framework based on optimization and micro-simulation is presented to model the traffic management of regional evacuation. The upper level model based on the revised cell transmission theory is capable of identifying the candidate set of optimal evacuation plans in a timely manner even for large networks. Then, the responsible system users can finalize the control plans with a pre-calibrated simulator that can realistically replicate some critical operational features and driver response difficult to fully capture with analytical formulations. The results of case study show that the proposed optimization-simulation framework has a great potential to improve the efficiency of evacuation planning and operations.

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Evaluation and Application on Shipping Industry Cluster’s Competitiveness Using Gray Relational Theory

CHEN Ji-hong,ZHEN Hong

2009, 9(5): 110-116 .

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As a part of the service sector, shipping industry makes considerable contribution to the national economy development. This paper introduces industry cluster theory to shipping industry, puts forward a concept model of shipping industry cluster, and establishes an evaluation index system for competitiveness of shipping industry cluster with gray relational theory. Furthermore, applications have been made to the world’s famous shipping center, such as the international shipping center of New York, London, Rotterdam, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Shanghai. The empirical results show that the competitiveness of the shipping industry cluster is an important measure indicator for the service environment of international shipping centers. And the gray relational degree model is effective to evaluate competitiveness of shipping industry cluster because the size of gray relational degree directly reflects the degree of competitiveness, which is helpful to improve the service-environment of an international shipping center.

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Pedestrian Flow Characteristics Analysis and Model Parameter Calibration in Comprehensive Transport Terminal

JIA Hong-fei,YANG Li-li,TANG Ming

2009, 9(5): 117-123 .

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Pedestrian flow characteristics analysis and model calibration constitute the base and key processes of pedestrian simulation. Field data of pedestrian flow was collected in Chinese comprehensive passenger transport terminal—Xizhimen underground station using video recording, and then selected and analyzed by statistic analysis software SPSS. Parameters relation models for pedestrian flow on different terminal facilities were established based on data statistics. The results show that the pedestrian flow-density relation model is quadratic equation in corridor; the flow-space relation model is quadratic equation when space is below a certain value and is logarithmic equation when space is above the value; the speed-density relation model is linear equation. The models on stairs show the similar characteristics, but the eigenvalue is different. Parameters of social force model were acquired based on these models. Range of semi-major axis of pedestrian ellipse in social force model was ascertained. Considering time pressure as a factor pattern, expect speed in social force model was obtained by multiplying this factor and speed-density function together.

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Relationship between Accident Deposing Time and Network Recovery Reliability

TANG Xi-ru, CHEN Yan-yan

2009, 9(5): 124-129 .

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A smooth transportation system usually makes great contribution to promote city’s economic development, ensure security, and improve resident’s quality of life. At present, the roads always get blocked because of every kinds of incidents occurrence, such as damage, traffic accident, and uncommon weather. In the paper, the character of road network traffic recovery reliability is used to describe the condition of the road network. It is defined as the probability that the local road network affected by the incident being able to recover to formal condition within expected time. Taking traffic accident for example, this paper using the DYNASMART simulation technique to analyze the road sections which take different kinds of traffic accidents through the Monte-Carlo analogy procedure. Finally, it presents the relationships of accident deposing time fluctuation and the road network recovery reliability, and then fit the relational model, which provides theory support for road network planning to some extent.

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Service Reliability Analysis of High Frequency Transit Using Stochastic Simulation

CHEN Wei-ya,CHEN Zhi-ya

2009, 9(5): 130-134 .

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Aiming at decreasing average passenger waiting time at stops, time headway adherence is used to analyze and measure the route-level transit service reliability in terms of high frequency bus route services. Considering the influence of passenger demand fluctuation and the stochastic nature of running time on road segments on transit service reliability, a fixed high frequency bus route was set to be the example route. The stochastic simulation method was used to analogy the process of its bus services, time headway variation, and average passenger waiting time at stops under different passenger demand and running time fluctuation. The results show that bigger running time fluctuation and more uneven passenger arrival lead to higher headway variation and longer average passenger waiting time at stops; the accumulative headway variation tends to be higher which causes worse service reliability at stops downstream.

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Supply Chain Coordination under Disruptions with Nonlinear Demand Functions

WANG Chuan-tao,SHEN Jin-sheng,JI Shou-wen

2009, 9(5): 135-140 .

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This paper focuses on the optimal strategies and coordination problems of a supply chain under production cost and market demand disruptions. In view of the different disruption scales of the supply chain under emergencies, the paper discusses the optimal production plan and retail price under centralized-decision model. The results show that the original production plan of the supply chain has certain robustness and it is necessary to change the original production plan to maximize the supply chain profit when the disruptions change greatly enough. For the decentralized-decision model, it is proved that the supply chain cannot be coordinated by the original quantity discount contract, and the new appropriate quantity discount contracts are designed to coordinate the supply chain after disruptions. A numerical example is also presented to illustrate the proposed approach.

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Real-Time Path Searching Algorithm for Large Traffic Network

LI Shu-bin, GAO Zi-you,LIN Yong, WU Jian-jun, LI Ke,XU Zhao-xia, DING Qing-yan

2009, 9(5): 141-147 .

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In this paper, the real-time path searching problem for the larger traffic network is investigated in the developing software—DynaCHINA, and an effective path generation algorithm is proposed. Additionally, a new data structure is provided to store large count of paths and support high performance searching. By the recursive property, the new algorithm can reduce the size of problem which derives the paths with a small space required. As a result, it improves the computing speed greatly in real-time path searching and saves the computer memory resource significantly. Compared with original algorithms, it is found that the proposed algorithm deals with the real-time path searching problem in large traffic network quickly and effectively with a small computer memory. Therefore, the algorithm can be used in practical traffic management.

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Assessment of Road Network Capacity Reliability Based on the Constraints of Link LOS

LENG Jun-qiang,ZHANG Ya-ping,ZHAO Ying-ping,LENG Yu-quan

2009, 9(5): 148-152 .

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As one of the most important indexes of road network performance, the capacity reliability is considerably emphasized by the road network planners and managers. Most of the existing evaluation methods in determining the road network maximum capacity pay no attention to the subjections of level of service (LOS). To reflect the LOS demand of travelers and managers in estimating the road network capacity reliability, the bi-level programming model was proposed based on the subjection of LOS. The threshold of increased travel time and saturation as subjections are proposed in the upper programming model. The stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) is set up in the lower programming model to follow the characteristics of route choice. The paper proposes an assessment methodology, which integrates genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation methods to evaluate the capacity reliability. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the proposed model under different LOS requirements. This model can effectively provide grounds for road network planning, managment, and improvement of road network performance.

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Forecasting Model for Parking Capacity of Service Area

MIAO Cong, LIN Guo-xin,CHENG Su-sha

2009, 9(5): 153-159 .

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The size of highway service area is usually calculated by the parking rate which is difficult to be determined accurately. A forecasting model of service area parking capacity is put forward to calculate the size without parking rate but meeting the parking demand. In view of the character that traveler and motor vehicle stop for relaxing, the traffic assignment model of four-stage forecast method is improved to compute parking demand according to the origination place, tip path, and rest interval in the network of each trip, and then determine the parking capacity. This paper presents the calculation steps, formula of parking capacity, relevant parameters. The model is validated by observed data to calculate the capacity of the service area of S308 road in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Relationship between Length of Bus-Only Lane and Operational Efficiency

LEI Lian-gui,SUN Quan-xin

2009, 9(5): 160-165 .

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To implement bus priority policy, many major cities in China adapted various relevant strategies and measures. In which, bus-only lane is widely used with the properties of convenience and low-cost. In fact, the operational efficiency of bus-only lane is related to road conditions such as road length. By simulation method, the paper studies the impact of road length on efficiency of bus-only lane. It selects the travel time, bus delay, car delay, and average delay per person as the evaluating indicators. It also conducts a comparative evaluation on these indicators before and after setting of the bus-only lane. The results indicate that when the road length is less than 500 meters, the bus-only lane exerts negative impact on the road traffic operation.

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Expressway Floating Car History Data Filtered Approach Based on Wavelet Analysis

WANG Zhen-jun,GUAN Ji-zhen,YU Jian-ling,SUN Jian-ping

2009, 9(5): 166-170 .

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In the traffic flow time series, there are usually some random components which affect the accuracy of traffic character analysis and traffic forecasting owing to the breakdown of data collection equipment and communication. Thus, it is necessary to make the traffic flow raw data filtered. Wavelet analysis is widely used for signal de-nosing and has net been used in traffic research yet. This paper first introduces the occurrence of floating car’s noise and wavelet analysis, and then selects the filtering evaluation indexes. For the purpose of filtering effectiveness comparison, urban expressways of Beijing in different times are tested and data collected from RTMS as the real data. By the indexes comparison of similarity and mean square error, results and analysis of examples are provided to illustrate the advantage of this approach.

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Overall Evaluation and Study on Public Transport Network in Large Cities Based on Dempster-Shafer Theory and Catastrophe Theory

GE Fang,YUAN Bao-jun,SONG Xi-yang,WU Yang,ZHANG Guo-wu

2009, 9(5): 171-174 .

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The paper probes into the overall evaluation of public transport network in Chinese large cities, puts forth and studies the methods concerning overall evaluation of public transport network in Chinese large cities based on the Dempster-Shafer Theory and the Catastrophe Theory. First of all, confirm the overall evaluating indicators and the base indicators of public transport network in Chinese large cities through repetitive comparison, discussion and consultation to relevant experts; among the base indicators in the overall evaluating indicators, composite the basic probability assignment of evaluation indicators with Dempster-Shafer Theory composition rule upon different experts’ experiences and preferences of the expert group, and amalgamate the evaluations of different experts to further obtain the evaluation value of base indicators. Then, carry out overall evaluation on ground public transport network by taking evaluating indicators and base indicators as control variable through Catastrophe Theory, and conduct example analysis by taking Beijing City for example to further educe that such a method is feasible for realizing the overall evaluation on public transport network in Chinese large cities.

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