Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

On Mechanism of Traffic Congestion in Urban Areas of China

ZHANG Guo-wu

2008, 8(1): 3-10 .

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The 9th Conference on “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1” was around the theme of mechanism of traffic comgestion in the Metropolis of China. It discussed the forming mechanism and propagation characteristics of the bottleneck of traffic congestion, nonlinear dynamic characteristic of traffic flow, time-spatial complexity and structure evolution of urban traffic system, operating optimization control of urban traffic system, traffic information integration and computational experiments, etc. It also analyzed the characteristics of urban traffic in China, described the importance of scientific research with the combination of Chinese reality, and the case of the operation of Beijing subway line 5,analyzed changing trend of related passenger flow and its influence to traffic structure

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Potentiality Analysis on Application of Maglev Technologies in China

MAO Bao-hua, HUANG Rong,JIA Shun-ping

2008, 8(1): 29-39 .

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This Article analyzes from three aspects of scientific and technical research, project demonstration practice and economical efficiency the application and demonstration of different types of maglev technologies in different countries. First of all, it summarizes the progress of scientific research and technology development of the world’s maglev technologies and analyzes the features of technical economy of different types of maglev system and current technical maturity from the angle of application. Secondly, it studies some maglev technology application projects demonstrated in the countries like Germany, Japan, America, Netherlands, U.K., etc., and analyzes the demonstrating process for these projects, major technical parameters adopted and relevant conclusions, It emphasizes on analysis of main reasons why these projects with the maglev technologies did not start. Thirdly, this paper makes an analysis on the environment and features for constructing intercity traffic projects in China, studies the advantages of technical economy and potential risks for promotion and application of maglev technologies in the communication field of China.It discusses the feasibility of applying maglev technologies in these cities in combination with the construction of intercity traffic passages for some cities of China from different viewpoints. including sustainable development of economy, demand growths and management, etc., and further estimates the economical efficiency for application of maglev technologies preliminarily. Finally, integrating with current situation of researching maglev technologies in China, this paper analyzes and brings forth relevant measures and suggestions for research and development of maglev technologies in China.

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System Architecture and Enabling Technologies of Intelligent Roadway System

LI Qingquan,XIONG Wei,LI Yuguang

2008, 8(1): 40-48 .

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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is presently one of the forefront research domains on the global scale, and also a significant evolution aspect for future traffic and transportation systems. Intelligent Roadway System (IRS), as the crucial component of ITS, has drawn tremendous attention and also the R&D&A hotspot in developed countries. This paper, based on the current development progress of the road infrastructure in China and looking upon the domestic demands on the applications of IRS, first analyzes the conception and connotations of IRS, provides the system architecture, and finally discusses at length several key technologies and difficulties while implementing the integration of IRS. moreover, it also summarizes the development and application trends on IRS.

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A Double-sided Optimization of ITS Data Aggregation via Wavelet Transformation

LIU Meng-han,YU Lei,GENG Yan-bin,ChEN Xu-mei

2008, 8(1): 49-54 .

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Based on aggregation technique analyzes the frequency characteristics of traffic flow data in details, the waveletcould meet the demands of various transportation purposes on the aggregation efficiently. However, the method reflects the essential characteristics of data only by analyzing the similarities among ITS data series，which neglects the information loss during aggregation. This Paper develops a double-sided optimization method through introducing Information-Loss Index in order to improve the accuracy during data aggregation. Based on the method, this paper develops the software implementing the algorithm based on MatLab platform, and uses the traffic flow data from the third-ring express road in Beijing as a case study. The conclusions from the paper provideds suggestions for the real applications of the data aggregation.

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A Design with Simulation of Optimal Control System on Freeway Based on OD Prediction

JIANG Zhu, LI Shu-bin, HUANG Yong-xuan

2008, 8(1): 55-60 .

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According to the information of real-time OD prediction, a novel hierarchical optimal control system on freeway is proposed based on the hierarchy idea. There are three control layers in this control architecture:First, network load assignment layer predicts in advance the total traffic demands in a long time, and makes the upper bound of the future queue length.Secondly, the area-wide optimal control layer predicts the future traffic state and builds the harmonious restrictions for each ramp.Thirdly, the local feedback control layer adjusts model parameters according to the real-time traffic conditions and the results optimized by the area-wide optimal control layer. The simulation results show that the control system is of good dynamic performance. It harmonizes the benefits of every ramp and optimizes the whole performance of the freeway network.

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Evaluation of Route Diversion Strategies Using Computer Simulation

ZHOU Hua-guo

2008, 8(1): 61-67 .

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This paper presents a CORSIM-based simulation approach to evaluating the effects of incident management and signal timing modifications on traffic operations along I-75 and alternative routes in Sarasota County, Florida, U.S.A. The County has developed special countywide signal timing plans on alternative routes to guide and direct motorists coming off the interstate (I-75) back onto the interstate at an appropriate location when a traffic incident happens on I-75. These special signal timing plans were developed for six incident conditions using the SYNCHRO signal timing software. Based on the SYNCRHO data provided by Sarasota County, a CORSIM data set was developed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the route diversion plan. The findings from the CORSIM analysis indicate the route diversion plans developed by the County are very effective in terms of traffic operations, reducing overall network delay by an average 21%. An additional sensitivity analysis was conducted for one of six incident conditions to examine the impact of diverted traffic volume on traffic operations. The results implied that the percentage of diverted traffic volume had a great impact on the total delay of the entire network. A 10% diverted traffic volume was found to give minimal total network delays based on the case study.

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A Link Resistance Function of Urban Mixed Traffic Network

SI Bing-feng,ZHONG Ming,GAO Zi-you

2008, 8(1): 68-73 .

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This paper stydies the characteristics of different traffic mode flows including cars, buses and bikes. On base of this, the link resistance functions for different roads in urban mixed traffic network are presented from the point of view of travelers, while the interactions between different traffic modes are taken into account. Finally, the regression method is given in order to estimate the parameters in the link resistance functions proposed in this paper.

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Equity Impacts of Congestion Pricing on Urban Road Resources Allocation

JUAN Zhi-cai, LUO Qing-yu, FU Zhon-ning,JIA Hong-fei

2008, 8(1): 74-79 .

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The biggest obstacle to bring congestion pricing into effect is its lack of public confidence on equity impacts. This paper tries to analyze the equity effects of congestion pricing from its impacts on urban road resources allocation. It sets forth the characters of urban road resources and the meaning of equity in urban road resources allocation, and makes researches on how to measure the equity effects. It analyses the resources occupation of urban roads in every mode, and then uses Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to narrate the change before and after urban road congestion pricing. By this way, the difference of equity in road resources allocation brought by urban road congestion pricing is found out, and the equity impacts of urban road congestion pricing are analyzed quantitatively. Also, a sample case is introduced and the practical data are analyzed to demonstrate that urban road congestion pricing can improve the public equity of urban road resources allocation.

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An Alterable-phase Fuzzy Control Based on Neutral Network

FAN Xiao-ping,LIU Yao-wu

2008, 8(1): 80-85 .

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Based on the traffic flow characteristics in urban intersections, this paper presents a control algorithm which is adaptive and can transform the multi-phase sequence accordingly. This algorithm can decide whether the phase needs to be transferred based on the comparison of the length of the green-lights phase motorcade and the red-lights phase motorcade. When the green light phase does not need transfer, the fuzzy neural network can be used to control the length of green-light delay. This paper not only combines the fuzzy control and neural network control advantages, but also provides an algorithm whose phase sequence is variable was. And then the multi-phase and variable phase sequence control can be achieved in the intersection. Simulation results show that the design of the fuzzy neural network controller can reduce the average delay of vehicles effectively, and meet the demand for real-time control.

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Modal Split of Commercial Sites Based on Artificial Neural Network

ZHU Yue-hua,CHEN Yan-yan,GENG Xue,LIU Li-na

2008, 8(1): 86-91 .

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Aiming at features of traffic structure in commercial sites, the paper discusses the factors which effect the public traffic modal split. The BP neural network can approach continuous function precisely. So under the strong non-linear mapping and generalization characteristics of BP neural network, a prediction model of commercial sites have been established based on the available commercial sites survey data of Beijing. Meanwhile, this paper has developed the corresponding program taking advantage of the neural network toolbox in MATLAB. When the factors change, it can quantitatively analyze the influence to the proportion of transit trips.

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Analysis of Factors in Affecting the Loading Capacity of Urban Road Networks

ZHU Ji-shuang,ZHANG Ning

2008, 8(1): 92-97 .

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The crucial factors in measuring and modeling the loading capacity of urban road networks are mainly investigated under the user equilibrium principle. By reviewing the prior literatures, the paper discusses the main drawbacks of the existing methods and models of road network capacity. The four important affecting factors of loading capacity are fully studied, including link capacity, service level requirement, travel demand pattern and route choice behavior. Furthermore，the interrelationship of these factors are discussed. Finally, the zonal reserve capacity, a new measure index to road network capacity, is proposed. By comparing it with reserve capacity, the validity of zonal reserve capacity is further demonstrated.

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Modeling Allocation of Railway Tank Cars for Dangerous Goods Based on Risk Control

WANG Ling-li, HAI Tao,ZHANG Xing-chen

2008, 8(1): 98-102 .

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In order to recur and preview the dynamic relationship between the allocation of railway tank cars for dangerous goods and risk level, a simulation model of the optimization allocation of dangerous goods tank cars based on risk control is constructed using System Dynamics on the basis that the cost and risk of the system of dangerous goods transportation by railway tank cars are analyzed, and the multi-feedbacks among risk, cost, demand and other factors in the system are taken into account. Finally, an instance illustrates that the simulation result of the model can reveal the dynamic trends of every crucial variable in the system under different risk control level in data and graph, which proves that the model is useful at determining the risk control level of the system of dangerous goods transportation by railway tank cars and the project of arranging the dangerous goods tank cars.

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Attribute Recognition Model of Evaluation for Pavement

YANG Shang-yang,ZHANG Long-yun, LIU Ting-ting

2008, 8(1): 103-107 .

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Roadway is the primary foundation establishment of a city. Exact and timely evaluation for pavement condition plays an important role in keeping traffic flowing and safe, reducing accident, and bringing into play the establish function of roadways. Base on the attribute recognition theory which makes effect identification and analysis for things, the attribute recognition model of evaluation for pavement condition is discussed, and the power weight is developed with the entropy method, which avoids the subjectivity and increases the reliability. This model introduced a simple and effective appraisal method of road pavement condition.

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Evaluation of Urban Traffic Informationization

CUI Xian-hua,LV Yong-bo, XIA Yun-lan,DONG Xiu

2008, 8(1): 108-112 .

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The informationization of the city traffic is an effective way to solve the city traffic problem, and it is the inevitable trend too. This paper introduces the connotation of traffic informationization, discusses the platform of Urban Traffic Informationization——urban traffic information system, and frames estimate index system of the development of Urban Traffic Informationization. Finally, it illustrates the evaluation arithmetic of urban traffic information system.

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Model and Heuristic Algorithim for the Multi-type Vehicles Routing Problem with Multiple Costs and Time Windows Limits

TAO Yin-qiang,NIU Hui-min

2008, 8(1): 113-117 .

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In this paper, using multiple-type vehicles to collect or deliver cargos with time windows and non-full loads vehicle routing problem is innovatively considered that different type vehicles have different marginal costs and travel costs. The compatibility constraints among vehicle types and cargos are also considered. Mathematical model aims at minimize the total cost for the problem is then presented. Because of the NP-hard attribute of the model, a new heuristic is designed based on the idea that the marginal cost and the unit travel cost of high-cost vehicle are higher than those of low-cost vehicle and the marginal cost of low-cost vehicle is still much higher than the unit travel cost of high-cost vehicle.

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Signal-timing of Intersections Based on Integrated Optimization of Delay and Capacity

ZHANG Peng,CHANG Yu-lin

2008, 8(1): 118-122 .

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This paper analyzes the limitation of delay-model used by F-B signal-planning method, proves that the saturation of phases is 1 adopting Shanghai signal-planning method. This paper sets up a new signal-planning method based on integrated optimization of delay and capacity, and the aim is the minimum of ratio of delay and capacity. And then according to plan signal time: if the F-B signal-planning method is adopted, the average delay of vehicles is decreased by 1.65s compared to actuality. If the Shanghai signal-planning method is used, the average delay is decreased by 8.15s, but the capacity of intersection is decreased by 422pcu/h. If the integrated optimization method is adopted, the average delay is decreased by 9.46s, and the capacity of the intersection is as much as now.

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Traffic Safety Evaluation on Highway Intersection Based on Severity of Traffic Conflict and Gray Theory

LU Chuan,XIANG Qiao-jun,LU Jian,WU Qun

2008, 8(1): 123-126 .

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This article dicides traffic into2 types:commmon conflict and severe conflict and chooses the ratio between the number of traffic conflicts and traffic volume in typical periods as indices on the consideration of the whole traffic condition on highway intersection. At last, this article use gray theory to evaluate the condition of 8 highway intersections quantitatively and compare the results with traditional method.

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Comprehensive Estimating Method of Loading Capacity of Bridges on Base of Theory of Fuzzy Evaluating

SUN Quan-sheng,CHANG Ji-feng

2008, 8(1): 127-132 .

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The bridges in cold area has been affected by circulation change of plus and minus temperature all the year. The character of physic and mechanic of materials composing the structure can be affected in some degree. Then objectively estimate about the actually character of bridge and the capacity of loading and using to get the actual data of all kinds of designed parameter of bridge. It can also offer the scientific evidence of later mending and reinforcing. On the base of researching degree of damage of component the text suggested to use the theory of fuzzy evaluating to set up the three levels comprehensive estimating system from components to subordinate system and whole loading capacity of bridge. The method not only considered the important components of bridge but also subordinate ones. It simplified the comprehensive estimating work through levels of fuzzy evaluating and made it scientific, simple and useful.

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On Transferring Time Scheduling of Passenger Hubs

YAO Feng-jin,YANG Hao

2008, 8(1): 133-137 .

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The established harmonious operating schedule system is an effect means to realize dynamic links of different traffic modes. Starting from the minimum transferred time of transferring traffic modes in transferred hubs, this paper studys the harmonious organization of vehicles operation so as to ascertain different temporal and interzone configured vehicles of transferred hubs and to ascertain dynamic departure time and dynamic headway. It also uses an example of bus line transferring railway hubs to make a research on minimum transferring time scheduling.

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Airport Gate Assignment Problems Based on GSAA

JU Shu-mei,XU Li

2008, 8(1): 138-143 .

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Airport gate assignment is a key task among the airport ground work which is important to reduce transfer time in hub airports. However, the gate assignment problem (GAP) is an NP-hard problem, and its models and algorithms are complex. This paper proposes a model and a new greedy simulated annealing algorithm (GSAA) to resolve the GAP. The initial solution of the proposed algorithm is obtained through FCFS criterion of greedy method to minimize the “dropping” flights, and then the optimal solution is obtained through the traditional simulated annealing algorithm. Simulation result shows the validity of the model and the algorithm.

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A Minimum Length Model for Joint Section of Expressway Off-Ramp

ZHANG Xu-min, LI Wen-quan

2008, 8(1): 144-148 .

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Based on the traffic investigation of off-ramp joint, the lane changing characteristics are analyzed, and the rules of headway distribution are set up with statistical methods and regression techniques. It is confirmed that the possibility shift matrix technique fits the calculation of the minimum length of express off-ramp joint. Then based on headway distribution, the model of the minimum convergence section length is reformed. Finally, an example for conformation of the model is provided.

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