基于因子分析与熵权法的山区双车道公路驾驶视觉负荷研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.04.033

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 361-372.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.04.033

• 工程应用与案例分析 • 上一篇

基于因子分析与熵权法的山区双车道公路驾驶视觉负荷研究

孟云伟^*1，王磊¹，李智鹏¹，李斌斌¹，青光焱^2a，刘中帅^2b

1. 重庆交通大学，智能综合立体交通重庆市重点实验室，重庆400074；2.招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司， a. 招商局公路信息技术(重庆)有限公司，b.道路工程研究院，重庆400067

收稿日期:2025-03-29 修回日期:2025-04-28 接受日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-25
作者简介:孟云伟(1980—)，男，河北省赵县人，教授，博士。
基金资助:
重庆交通大学研究生科研创新项目(2024S0071)；重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目(JDLHPYJD 2020029)。

Driver's Visual Load Based on Factor Analysis and Entropy Weight Methods for Mountainous Two-lane Road

MENG Yunwei^*1, WANG Lei¹, LI Zhipeng¹, LI Binbin¹, QING Guangyan^2a, LIU Zhongshuai^2b

1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Integrated and Multidimensional Transportation System, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 2a. China Merchants Roadway Information Technology (Chongqing) Co Ltd, 2b. Road Engineering Center, China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institution Co Ltd, Chongqing 400067, China

Received:2025-03-29 Revised:2025-04-28 Accepted:2025-06-03 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-25
Supported by:
Graduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing Jiaotong University (2024S0071)；Graduate Joint Training Base Construction Project of Chongqing(JDLHPYJD 2020029)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究山区双车道公路的平纵线形对驾驶视觉负荷的影响规律，选取28名被试驾驶人，开展自然流状态下的山区双车道公路实车试验。利用Dikablis眼镜式眼动仪和CTM-8A非接触式多功能测速仪，采集被试驾驶人的视觉响应值和车速值，并对数据进行有效性检验。针对不同纵坡值、平曲线半径及弯坡组合路段，以被试驾驶人的瞳孔面积变化率、注视持续时间和眨眼频率作为驾驶视觉负荷的指标，定量分析线形条件对驾驶视觉负荷的影响，采用因子分析法与熵权法构建驾驶视觉负荷模型，并基于聚类算法确定驾驶视觉负荷阈值，划分驾驶视觉负荷等级。研究表明：在纵坡1.50%~6.00%的路段，瞳孔面积变化率、注视持续时间和眨眼频率与纵坡坡度呈正相关和负相关关系；相同纵坡下，下坡路段的瞳孔面积变化率高于上坡路段；驾驶人视觉负荷与平曲线半径呈负相关，小半径路段主要受视野限制影响，随着平曲线半径的增大，驾驶人瞳孔面积变化率和注视持续时间呈减小趋势，眨眼频率逐渐增大；驾驶视觉负荷可分为低、中和高这3个等级；当弯坡组合指数小于23.4%·km-1时，驾驶视觉负荷可保持在中等等级以上。研究结果将为山区公路的安全状况改善及提升舒适性提供理论依据。

关键词: 交通工程, 驾驶视觉负荷, 实车试验, 山区双车道公路, 因子分析与熵权法, 弯坡组合

Abstract: To investigate the influence of the horizontal and vertical alignments of mountainous two-lane highways on drivers' visual workload, this study conducted a naturalistic driving experiment with 28 participants. The experiment utilized the Dikablis eye-tracking glasses and the CTM-8A non-contact multifunctional speedometer to collect visual response data and speed values, which were subsequently validated for accuracy. By analyzing the drivers' pupil area variation rate, fixation duration, and blink frequency across different gradients, horizontal curve radii, and combined curve-slope sections, the study quantitatively assessed the impact of alignment conditions on visual workload. A visual workload model was developed using factor analysis and entropy weight methods, and thresholds for visual workload levels were determined based on clustering algorithms. The results indicate that in sections with gradients ranging from 1.50% to 6.00%, the pupil area variation rate and fixation duration are positively correlated with the gradient, whereas the blink frequency is negatively correlated. Specifically, under the same gradient, the pupil area variation rate is higher in downhill sections compared to uphill sections. Additionally, drivers' visual workload is negatively correlated with the horizontal curve radius. In sections with smaller radii, visual workload is primarily influenced by limited visibility, whereas as the curve radius increases, the pupil area variation rate and fixation duration decrease, while the blink frequency gradually increases. Based on the analysis, visual workload can be classified into three levels: low, medium, and high. It was also found that when the combined curve-slope index is less than 23.4 %·km-1, the visual workload remains at a medium level or below. The study results provide a theoretical foundation for improving the safety and comfort of mountainous highways.

Key words: traffic engineering, driving visual load, real vehicle test, mountainous two-lane highway, factor analysis and entropy weight methods, curve and grade combination

中图分类号:

U412.3

孟云伟, 王磊, 李智鹏, 李斌斌, 青光焱, 刘中帅. 基于因子分析与熵权法的山区双车道公路驾驶视觉负荷研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(4): 361-372.

MENG Yunwei, WANG Lei, LI Zhipeng, LI Binbin, QING Guangyan, LIU Zhongshuai. Driver's Visual Load Based on Factor Analysis and Entropy Weight Methods for Mountainous Two-lane Road[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(4): 361-372.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I4/361

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基于因子分析与熵权法的山区双车道公路驾驶视觉负荷研究

Driver's Visual Load Based on Factor Analysis and Entropy Weight Methods for Mountainous Two-lane Road

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