公铁竞争下考虑货物差异定价的铁路集装箱班列开行方案优化

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.01.003

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 24-33.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.01.003

公铁竞争下考虑货物差异定价的铁路集装箱班列开行方案优化

卢霞¹，毛保华^*1，陈硕²，梁肖¹，王敏³

1. 北京交通大学，综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室，北京100044；2. 中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司，北京100038；3.交通运输部科学研究院，北京100029

收稿日期:2025-10-26 修回日期:2025-12-25 接受日期:2025-12-29 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-02-13
作者简介:卢霞（1999—），女，江西南昌人，博士生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(72471024)。

Optimization of Railway Container Train Operation Planning Considering Differentiated Pricing Under Rail/Road Competition

LU Xia¹, MAO Baohua^*1, CHEN Shuo², LIANG Xiao¹, WANG Min³

1. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute, Beijing 100038, China; 3. China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2025-10-26 Revised:2025-12-25 Accepted:2025-12-29 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-02-13
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72471024)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高铁路在“白货”市场的分担率及运输企业利润，本文综合考虑不同货物品类的密度与价值特征，构建门到门铁路与公路运输的效用函数，并考虑托运人的有限理性特征，采用累积前景值刻画其感知效用。在此基础上，建立以铁路运输企业利润最大化和托运人感知广义费用最小化为目标的双层规划模型，结合典型货运通道的算例，采用嵌套累积前景理论-Logit概率分配方法的遗传算法求解得到差异化定价与开行优化方案。研究发现：在[-15%,10%]的运价率浮动区间内，差异化定价结合货物品类的密度与价值特征实施针对性调整，使铁路运输企业总利润提升约26%，市场总分担率提高约5.6%，在利润与市场份额间实现了协同优化。该策略通过对高密度低价值货物实施适度降价与规模化班列组织扩大承运规模，对中密度高价值货物维持较高运价率并依托装载效率优势稳定份额，对低密度货物在需求弹性有限的前提下通过略高运价和合理运力配置提升收益，从而实现针对不同货类特征的精细化调控，既增强了托运人选择铁路的意愿，又提升了企业整体收益。

关键词: 铁路运输, 差异化定价, 双层规划, 集装箱班列开行方案, 货物品类

Abstract: To enhance the modal share and profitability of railway in the non-bulk cargo market, this paper comprehensively formulates utility functions for door-to-door railway and road transport by considering cargo density and value attributes. Accounting for the bounded rationality of shippers, the perceived utility is modeled by the cumulative prospect theory. On this basis, a bi-level programming model is established, with the upper level maximizing the profit of railway operator and the lower level minimizing the perceived generalized cost of shippers. A genetic algorithm which incorporates the CPT-Logit method is developed to obtain the differentiated pricing and operation planning scheme, and a typical freight corridor is used for case study. The results show that, within a freight rate adjustment range of [-15%, 10%], the differentiated pricing strategy that tailors rates to cargo density and value characteristics increases the total profit of railway operator by about 26% and raises the overall rail market share by about 5.6%, which achieves a coordinated optimization between profitability and market share. Specifically, for high- density, low-value goods, the strategy recommends lowering freight rates and operating large-scale trains to boost shipment volume. For medium-density, high-value goods, it maintains premium freight rates to secure stable revenue. For low-density goods, it suggests marginal freight rate reductions to achieve limited market expansion. These differentiated measures enable fine-grained control across cargo types, thereby it not only enhances the willingness of shippers to choose rail, but also improves the overall performance of enterprise.

Key words: railway transportation, differentiated pricing, bi-level programming, railway container train operation planning, cargo type

中图分类号:

U294

卢霞, 毛保华, 陈硕, 梁肖, 王敏. 公铁竞争下考虑货物差异定价的铁路集装箱班列开行方案优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(1): 24-33.

LU Xia, MAO Baohua, CHEN Shuo, LIANG Xiao, WANG Min. Optimization of Railway Container Train Operation Planning Considering Differentiated Pricing Under Rail/Road Competition[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(1): 24-33.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.01.003

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I1/24

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公铁竞争下考虑货物差异定价的铁路集装箱班列开行方案优化

Optimization of Railway Container Train Operation Planning Considering Differentiated Pricing Under Rail/Road Competition

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