关键词: 交通运输经济, 社会物流成本, 评价指标, 影响因素, 指标分解

Abstract: This paper proposes a two-stage research method to analyze the difference between the internal influencing factors of the social logistics cost evaluation indicator "the proportion of social logistics cost to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)" between China and the United States. The“logistics science and technology level (calculated by the R&D, Research and Development)”is introduced as one of the internal influencing factors of the evaluation indicator, and its relevance to social logistics costs is discussed. The "proportion of social logistics costs to GDP" is decomposed into the product of "logistics rate per unit turnover", "average transportation distance" and "freight volume per unit GDP”. The logistics costs of China and the United States are evaluated and analyzed from these three dimensions. In the first stage, the Grey System Correlation theory is used to calculate the correlation between the three indicators (GDP, the proportion of three industries, and the R&D level) and the evaluation index. The results show that the correlation between the three reference indicators between China and the United States and the evaluation index is positive, but the difference between GDP and R&D level is obvious. In the second stage, based on the data- driven method, the three-dimensional evaluation indicators obtained by decomposition are compared and analyzed respectively. In fact, the results show that the“per unit turnover logistics cost”in China is lower than that in the United States, but the GDP output of the same freight volume in the United States is much higher than that in China. China's industrial structure reform should promote the joint development of logistics and service industries. Then the specific suggestions are provided for reducing costs and increasing efficiency of China's logistics industry based on the analysis results.

Key words: transportation economy, social logistics cost, evaluating indicator, influence factor, index decomposition